Definition
Human behavior relates to HIV/AIDS risk as a sexually, pre-/postnatally, and blood-acquired virus that has been investigated since the recognition of the disease in 1981. The facets of sexual risk factors, mother-to-child transmission, drug injection and blood-borne risk, challenges in HIV prevention, medication adherence, and overall societal impact of HIV/AIDS have been characterized through thousands of observational and experimental studies. Existing scientific evidence details how aspects of poverty, political unrest, social exclusion, gender inequality, human rights violations, stigma, and other societal challenges influence human behavior.
Characteristics
The presence of HIV/AIDS in a community further exacerbates the effects of existing societal challenges often faced in low-resource settings. Contextual factors influence human behavior and must therefore be addressed when fighting the disease (Myer et al. 2004). This includes addressing the micro- (individual),...
References
Audet CM, Blevins M, Rosenberg C, Farnsworth S, Salato J, Fernandez J, Vermund SH. Symptomatic HIV-positive persons in rural Mozambique who first consult a traditional healer have delays in HIV testing: a cross-sectional study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66(4):e80–6.
Ciampa PJ, Vaz LM, Blevins M, Sidat M, Rothman RL, Vermund SH, Vergara AE. The association among literacy, numeracy, HIV knowledge and health-seeking behavior: a population-based survey of women in rural Mozambique. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39391.
Decker MR, Crago AL, Chu SK, Sherman SG, Seshu MS, Buthelezi K, … Beyrer C. Human rights violations against sex workers: burden and effect on HIV. Lancet. 2015;385(9963):186–99.
Decroo T, Telfer B, Biot M, Maïkéré J, Dezembro S, Cumba LI, … Ford N. Distribution of antiretroviral treatment through self-forming groups of patients in Tete province, Mozambique. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;56(2):e39–44.
Dunlap J, Foderingham N, Bussell S, Wester CW, Audet CM, Aliyu MH. Male Involvement for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: a brief review of initiatives in East, West, and Central Africa. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2014;11(2):109–18.
Fairall L, Bachmann MO, Lombard C, Timmerman V, Uebel K, Zwarenstein M, … Bateman E. Task shifting of antiretroviral treatment from doctors to primary-care nurses in South Africa (STRETCH): a pragmatic, parallel, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2012;380(9845):889–98.
Healthy People.gov website. Social determinants of health. 2014. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/search.aspx?q=social+determinants+of+health&start=0&filter=1. Accessed 15 Aug 2014.
Loutfy MR, Sonnenberg-Schwan U, Margolese S, Sherr L. A review of reproductive health research, guidelines and related gaps for women living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2013;25(6):657–66.
Maddison AR, Schlech III WF. Will universal access to antiretroviral therapy ever be possible? The health care worker challenge. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2010;21(1):e64.
Marston C, King E. Factors that shape young people’s sexual behaviour: a systematic review. Lancet. 2006;368(9547):1581–6.
Mukolo A, Blevins M, Victor B, Paulin HN, Vaz LM, Sidat M, Vergara AE. Community stigma endorsement and voluntary counseling and testing behavior and attitudes among female heads of household in Zambézia Province, Mozambique. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):1155.
Muñoz M, Bayona J, Sanchez E, Arevalo J, Sebastian JL, Arteaga F, … Shin S. Matching social support to individual needs: a community-based intervention to improve HIV treatment adherence in a resource-poor setting. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(7):1454–64.
Myer L, Ehrlich RI, Susser ES. Social epidemiology in South Africa. Epidemiol Rev. 2004;26(1):112–23.
Sengupta S, Banks B, Jonas D, Miles MS, Smith GC. HIV interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: a systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(6):1075–87.
Shepherd BE, Blevins M, Vaz LM, Moon TD, Kipp AM, José E, … Vermund SH. Impact of definitions of loss to follow-up on estimates of retention, disease progression, and mortality: application to an HIV program in Mozambique. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(5):819–28.
Solar O, Irwin A. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 (Policy and Practice). 2010.
Vermund SH, Van Lith LM, Holtgrave D. Strategic roles for health communication in combination HIV prevention and care programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66:S237–40.
Victor B, Blevins M, Green AF, Ndatimana E, González-Calvo L, Fischer EF, Moon TD. Multidimensional poverty in rural Mozambique: a new metric for evaluating public health interventions. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e108654.
WHO International website. Social determinants of health. Key concepts. 2014. http://www.who.int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/key_concepts/en/. Accessed 15 Aug 2014.
World Health Organization. Progress report 2016: Prevent HIV, test and treat all. Geneva: WHO Document Production Services; 2016.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this entry
Cite this entry
Green, A.F. (2017). Behavioral Science Highlights of Evidence and Research. In: Hope, T., Richman, D., Stevenson, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_227-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_227-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine