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Encyclopedia of AIDS pp 1–9Cite as

Neurocognitive Outcomes in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents

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Introduction

Perinatally acquired HIV (PAH) infection was first described in 1981. Within a short time, it became clear that, as with adults, PAH could lead to devastating central nervous system damage in infants and children. Through the early years of the epidemic it also became clear that many infected infants had more subtle static neurocognitive deficits and behavioral disorders.

With the advent of effective antiretroviral therapies and earlier initiation of therapy for infected children, the incidence of more serious HIV-related neurocognitive effects decreased dramatically, and they are rarely seen today. In regions with access to effective pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART), the vast majority of youth with PAH have learning and behavioral profiles similar to age and sociodemographically matched uninfected youth. With the ability now to achieve lifelong control of the infection, the hope is to develop treatment strategies that best ensure optimal long-term neurocognitive and...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Richard M. Rutstein

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA

    Renee Smith

Authors
  1. Richard M. Rutstein
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  2. Renee Smith
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Correspondence to Richard M. Rutstein .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Thomas J. Hope

  2. Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Mario Stevenson

  3. University of California, San Diego Dept. Pathology, La Jolla, California, USA

    Douglas Richman

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Rutstein, R.M., Smith, R. (2016). Neurocognitive Outcomes in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents. In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_221-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_221-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6

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