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HIV Neurocognitive Diagnosis, Natural History, and Treatment

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Encyclopedia of AIDS

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HAND Definition

When carefully assessed, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) affect approximately half of persons living with HIV (Heaton et al. 2010). Three subcategories of HAND can be distinguished using a combination of neuropsychological testing, neurological and medical examination, and ancillary testing (Antinori et al. 2007): asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Regardless of the severity of the HAND diagnosis, neuropsychological impairment is often associated with negative daily functioning outcomes such as unemployment and poor medication adherence (e.g., Hinkin et al. 2002). It is important to note, however, that impairment in daily functioning is a key criterion that distinguishes MND and HAD from ANI. One significant challenge in assigning HAND diagnoses is differentiating HAND from other illnesses that can have neurocognitive effects (e.g., substance...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, 20007, Washington, DC, USA

    Xiong Jiang

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, UCSD HNRC, 220 Dickinson St., Mail Code 8231, 92103, San Diego, CA, USA

    David J. Moore

  3. Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, UCSD HNRC, 220 Dickinson St., Mail Code 8231, 92103, San Diego, CA, USA

    Ronald J. Ellis

Authors
  1. Xiong Jiang
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  2. David J. Moore
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  3. Ronald J. Ellis
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Correspondence to Xiong Jiang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Thomas J. Hope

  2. Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Mario Stevenson

  3. University of California, San Diego Dept. Pathology, La Jolla, California, USA

    Douglas Richman

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Jiang, X., Moore, D.J., Ellis, R.J. (2015). HIV Neurocognitive Diagnosis, Natural History, and Treatment. In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_219-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_219-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6

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