Definition
Decades ago, when cell death was observed in cells or tissues, it was assumed that the cause was either toxic or traumatic and that there was little cellular control over whether a given cell or tissue would undergo death in response to a given stimulus. Consequently naïve terms such as cytotoxicity or necrosis were used. In the intervening years much has been learned, and it is now recognized that cell death is a tightly coordinated event that can proceed through distinct processes of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis and on occasion through mechanisms which share features of more than one process such as necroptosis which has characteristics of both apoptosis and necrosis.
In parallel, much has been learned about how cell death occurs during HIV infection, which, at its most fundamental of levels, causes a disease of dysregulated cell death. For example, it is now understood that HIV infection of CD4 T cells causes the death of most of the cells which are infected, but...
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Sainski, A.M., Rizza, S.A., Cummins, N.W., Badley, A.D. (2014). Lymphocyte Apoptosis. In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_193-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_193-1
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