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Encyclopedia of AIDS pp 1–19Cite as

HIV-1 Mutational Escape from Host Immunity

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Definition

Within an infected individual, HIV-1 develops specific mutations within its genome that allow it to escape detection by host immune responses. As such, host immunity represents a major selective force driving the evolution and diversification of HIV-1 at the individual and population levels. Here, we highlight HIV-1 mutational escape from adaptive, innate, and vaccine-induced immune responses as highly specific and reproducible processes beginning rapidly following HIV-1 infection. The potential biological implications of immune escape, including viral fitness costs and population-level HIV-1 adaptation to host immunity, are also summarized.

Escape from CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) (HIV & SIV, CD8 T Cell Responses) eliminate HIV-infected cells via the recognition of short, virus-derived peptide epitopes that are produced within the infected cell and presented at its surface by the highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, BC, Canada

    Anh Q. Le, Aniqa Shahid & Zabrina L. Brumme

  2. British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Zabrina L. Brumme

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  1. Anh Q. Le
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  2. Aniqa Shahid
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  3. Zabrina L. Brumme
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Correspondence to Zabrina L. Brumme .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Thomas J. Hope

  2. Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Mario Stevenson

  3. University of California, San Diego Dept. Pathology, La Jolla, California, USA

    Douglas Richman

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Le, A.Q., Shahid, A., Brumme, Z.L. (2014). HIV-1 Mutational Escape from Host Immunity. In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_189-1

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