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Tropism and Properties of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein in Transmission

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Encyclopedia of AIDS

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Definition

The envelope glycoprotein (Env) spikes on transmitting HIV-1 virus particles mediate infection of the first cells in the new host. These Envs must elude host defenses including innate inhibitors and sometimes neutralizing antibodies. They may also direct mechanisms to penetrate epithelial cell barriers to facilitate mucosal transmission.

Prophylactic vaccines that elicit neutralizing antibodies and microbicides need to be designed and optimized to target transmitting viruses. However, it is as yet unclear whether Envs of viruses that successfully transmit carry specific properties or vulnerabilities that can be targeted by such strategies. What we do know is that viruses that use the coreceptor, CCR5, are preferentially transmitted and that early data suggest these viruses primarily infect CD4+ T-cells over macrophages or dendritic cells.

Some transmitted viruses carry Envs with fewer surface sugars and shorter variable loops that usually protect against neutralizing...

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge NIH R01 grants AI089334 and AI097265 that support their research in this area.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373, Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA

    Paul Clapham & Katherine Luzuriaga

  2. Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA

    Paul Clapham

  3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373, Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA

    Mohan Somasundaran & Katherine Luzuriaga

Authors
  1. Paul Clapham
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  2. Mohan Somasundaran
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  3. Katherine Luzuriaga
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Correspondence to Paul Clapham .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Thomas J. Hope

  2. Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Mario Stevenson

  3. University of California, San Diego Dept. Pathology, La Jolla, California, USA

    Douglas Richman

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Clapham, P., Somasundaran, M., Luzuriaga, K. (2014). Tropism and Properties of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein in Transmission. In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_149-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_149-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6

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