Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of AIDS

Definition

There are more than 100 viruses in the herpesvirus family, which is divided into three subfamilies, alpha, beta, and gamma, based on the genome structure and biological behavior of the viruses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the eight herpesviruses currently known to infect humans and is a member of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, genus Lymphocryptovirus. Like all herpesviruses it can establish latent infections and persist for the lifetime of the host. In some individuals it behaves more as a commensal than a pathogen, while in others it can cause significant and even life-threatening disease.

Introduction

All viruses are problematic for those who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but the herpesviruses, which are often carried by the vast majority of individuals worldwide and are typically fairly well controlled by a functioning immune system, pose a particular concern. EBV, like its fellow oncogenic gammaherpesvirus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Appleby P, Beral V, Newton R, Reeves G. International Collaboration on HIV and Cancer: highly active antiretroviral therapy and incidence of cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:1823.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borza CM, Hutt-Fletcher LM. Alternate replication in B cells and epithelial cells switches tropism of Epstein-Barr virus. Nat Med. 2002;8:594–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chesnokova LS, Nishimura S, Hutt-Fletcher L. Fusion of epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus proteins is triggered by binding of viral proteins gHgL to integrins αvβ6 or αvβ8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:20464–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen JI. Clinical aspects of Epstein-Barr virus infection. In: Robertson ES, editor. Epstein-Barr virus. Norfolk: Caister Academic Press; 2005. p. 35–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connolly SA, Jackson JO, Jardetzky TS, Longnecker R. Fusing structure and function: a structural view of the herpesvirus entry machinery. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;9:369–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Frappier L. Role of EBNA1 in NPC tumourigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol. 2012;22:154–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gromminger S, Mautner J, Bornkamm GW. Burkitt lymphoma: the role of Epstein-Barr virus revisited. Br J Haematol. 2012;156:719–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hislop AD, Taylor GS, Sauce D, Rickinson AB. Cellular responses to virus infection in humans: lessons from Epstein-Barr virus. Annu Rev Immunol. 2007;25:587–617.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino Y, Katano H, Zou P, Hohman P, Marques A, Tyring SK, Follman D, Cohen JI. Long term administration of valacyclovir reduces the number of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells but not the number of EBV DNA copies per B cell in healthy volunteers. J Virol. 2009;83:11857–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hutt-Fletcher LM. Epstein-Barr virus entry. J Virol. 2007;81:7825–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Imai S, Nishikawa J, Takada K. Cell-to-cell contact as an efficient mode of Epstein-Barr virus infection of diverse human epithelial cells. J Virol. 1998;72:4371–8.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang R, Scott RS, Hutt-Fletcher LM. Epstein-Barr virus shed in saliva is high in B cell tropic gp42. J Virol. 2006;80:7281–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kieff ED, Rickinson AB. Epstein-Barr virus and its replication. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields virology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 2603–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lo KW, Chung GT, To KF. Deciphering the molecular genetic basis of NPC through molecular, cytogenetic, and epigenetic approaches. Semin Cancer Biol. 2012;22:79–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long HM, Taylor GS, Rickinson A. Immune defence against EBV and EBV-associated disease. Curr Opin Immunol. 2011;23:258–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magrath I. Epidemiology: clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt’s lymphoma. Brit J Haematol. 2012;156:744–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mettenleiter TC. Herpesvirus assembly and egress. J Virol. 2002;76:1537–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nava VE, Jaffe ES. The pathology of NK-cell lymphomas and leukemias. Adv Anat Pathol. 2005;12:27–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nokta M. Oral manifestations of AIDS. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2008;5:5–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Odumade OA, Hogquist KA, Balfour Jr HH. Progress and problems in understanding and managing primary Epstein-Barr virus infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011;24:193–209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rickinson AB, Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields virology, vol. 2. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 2655–700.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sashihara J, Hoshino Y, Bowman JJ, Krogmann T, Burbelo PD, Coffield VM, Kamrud K, Cohen JI. Soluble rhesus lymphocryptovirus gp30 protects against infection and reduces viral loads in animals that become infected with virus after challenge. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7:e1002308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sokal EM, Hoppenbrouwers K, Vandemeulen C, Moutchen M, Leonard P, Moreels M, Haumont M, Smets F, Denis M. Recombinant gp350 vaccine for infectious mononucleosis: a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an Epstein-Barr virus vaccine in healthy young adults. J Infect Dis. 2007;196:1749–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thorley-Lawson DA, Gross A. Persistence of Epstein-Barr virus and the origins of associated lymphomas. New Engl J Med. 2004;350:1328–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng Y, Zhang LG, Wu YC, Huang YS, Huang NQ, Li JY, Wang B, Jiang MK, Fang Z, Meng NN. Prospective studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Epstein-Barr virus IgA/VCA antibody-positive persons in Wuzhou City, China. Int J Cancer. 1985;36:545–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA

    Lindsey Hutt-Fletcher

Authors
  1. Lindsey Hutt-Fletcher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lindsey Hutt-Fletcher .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Thomas J. Hope

  2. Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Mario Stevenson

  3. University of California, San Diego Dept. Pathology, La Jolla, California, USA

    Douglas Richman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Cite this entry

Hutt-Fletcher, L. (2013). Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_11-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_11-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation