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Clinical Presentation of Immunodeficiency, Secondary Immunodeficiency

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Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology

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Synonyms

Secondary immune deficiency

Introduction/Background

Secondary immunodeficiency results from nongenetic factors that depress the immune response. A variety of factors can affect the diverse aspects of the immune response and result in secondary immunodeficiencies. These factors include: extremes of age; malnutrition; metabolic diseases (diabetes and uremia); genetic syndromes (as in trisomy 21); anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and immunosuppressive drug therapy; surgery and trauma (including splenectomy); environmental conditions (UV light, radiation, hypoxia, space flight); and infectious diseases (HIV) (Chinen and Shearer 2010). Lymphoproliferative malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma are also associated with secondary immunodeficiency (Friman et al. 2016).

Causes of secondary immunodeficiencies

Environmental conditions

Extremes of age

Genetic syndromes

Infections

Lymphoproliferative malignancies

Medications

Immunosuppressive,...

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References

  • Chinen J, Shearer WT. Secondary immunodeficiencies, including HIV infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(Suppl 2):S195–203.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Allergy Associates of the Palm Beaches, North Palm Beach, FL, USA

    Elena E. Perez

Authors
  1. Elena E. Perez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elena E. Perez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Biology, Monash University Dept. Biochemistry &, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    Ian MacKay

  2. Autoimmune Disease Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Noel R. Rose

Section Editor information

  1. Allergy Associates of the Palm Beaches, North Palm Beach, USA

    Elena Elizabeth Perez

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Perez, E.E. (2017). Clinical Presentation of Immunodeficiency, Secondary Immunodeficiency. In: MacKay, I., Rose, N. (eds) Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9209-2_70-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9209-2_70-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-9209-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9209-2

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