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Effects of Nutrition on Neutrophil Function in Preclinical Studies

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Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care

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Abstract

Although neutrophils are an essential component of natural immunity, their activities must be carefully regulated to prevent detrimental prolonging of inflammation. To resolve inflammation, neutrophil recruitment to the affected tissue must be blocked, and neutrophils in the tissue must be removed by apoptosis and phagocytosis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a major dietary regulator of immune function. N-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs modulate the inflammatory response in neutrophils. N-3 PUFA exhibits anti-inflammatory activities through neutrophils using multiple mechanisms including decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis in response to inflammatory stimuli, reducing neutrophil adhesion to the vascular endothelium and neutrophil transmigration across the endothelium and into the affected tissue, and promotes the synthesis of resolvins and protectins, inflammation-resolving lipids that promote neutrophil apoptosis and phagocytosis. Sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, common conditions in critical care patients, are both a result of dysregulated or excessive inflammation. Preclinical data obtained from rodent models and cell culture studies support a role in nutritional immunomodulation using n-3 PUFAs or their derivatives in patients with sepsis or acute lung injury.

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Abbreviations

ARDS:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

G-CSF:

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor

ICAM-1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

LT:

Leukotriene

LTB4:

Leukotriene B4

LTB5:

Leukotriene B5

PG:

Prostaglandin

PGD2:

Prostaglandin D2

PGD3:

Prostaglandin D3

PGE2:

Prostaglandin E2

PMN:

Polymorphonuclear cell

PUFAs:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RvD1:

Resolvin D1

RvD2:

Resolvin D2

RvE1:

Resolvin E1

SIRS:

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

TX:

Thromboxane

VCAM-1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, 663-8501, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan

    Keisuke Kohama, Joji Kotani & Atsunori Nakao

Authors
  1. Keisuke Kohama
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  2. Joji Kotani
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  3. Atsunori Nakao
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joji Kotani .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Free London Hospitals, Barnet General Hospital, London, UK

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  3. King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  4. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

  5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

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Kohama, K., Kotani, J., Nakao, A. (2015). Effects of Nutrition on Neutrophil Function in Preclinical Studies. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V.R., Patel, V.B. (eds) Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_144

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