Introduction
DNA is a biomolecule which represents the basis for all living organisms by encoding the information for all processes in life. The maintenance of genome stability by counteracting changes in DNA is a great challenge, which has to be achieved in every single cell.
Different kinds of mutations with diverse consequences for the cell can arise due to a multitude of factors. Point mutations are changes of a single nucleotide, for example, a substitution of one base by another base. An exchange of a pyrimidine by a pyrimidine base (e.g., T/C) or a purine by a purine base (e.g., A/G) is defined as a transition. In contrast, a substitution of a pyrimidine with a purine base (e.g., T/G or A) or a purine with a pyrimidine base (e.g., A/C or T) is called a transversion . A point mutation in an open reading frame (ORF) of a gene can lead to a substitution of an amino acid in the resulting protein, which might change the properties of the respective...
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Further Readings
Aguilera A, Rothstein R. Molecular genetics of recombination. Berlin/New York: Springer; 2007.
Friedberg EC, Elledge SJ, Lehmann AR. DNA repair, mutagenesis, and other responses to DNA damage: a subject collection from Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; 2013.
Friedberg EC, Walker GC, Siede W. DNA repair and mutagenesis. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2006.
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Schröpfer, S., Knoll, A., Trapp, O., Puchta, H. (2014). DNA Repair and Recombination in Plants. In: Howell, S. (eds) Molecular Biology. The Plant Sciences, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7570-5_2
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