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Cardiac Excitable Tissue Pathology (Ion Channels)

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Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience

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Definition

The generation of the heartbeat is generated by cellular level electrical activity in the form of action potentials that arises as a result of timed opening and closing of a variety of cardiac ion channels. When this tightly coupled interplay of ion channels is perturbed by any number of varied mechanisms including, but not limited to, genetic perturbations, altered Ca2+ signaling, deranged subcellular signaling, disruptions in cell ultrastructure or coupling, ionic dysregulation, or direct insult, an arrhythmogenic substrate can develop.

Detailed Description

Ionic Mechanisms of Cardiac Action Potential

Action potentials can be divided into noncontractile pacemaker cells and contractile cells that require an external stimulus, such as atrial and ventricular cells (Demir 2004). Numerous action potential morphologies exist and vary depending on the location in the myocardium. The action potential of contractile cells generally has 4 phases. Phase 0 is the rapid depolarizing...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Genome Building Rm 3503, Davis, CA, 95616-8636, USA

    Colleen E. Clancy Ph.D.

  2. Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, The Rockefeller University, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Institute, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Jonathan D. Moreno MDPhD

  3. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Jonathan D. Moreno MDPhD

Authors
  1. Jonathan D. Moreno MDPhD
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  2. Colleen E. Clancy Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Colleen E. Clancy Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Dieter Jaeger

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

    Ranu Jung

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MDPhD, J.D.M., Ph.D., C.E.C. (2013). Cardiac Excitable Tissue Pathology (Ion Channels). In: Jaeger, D., Jung, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_737-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_737-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7320-6

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