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Cortical Motor Prosthesis

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Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience

Definition

Neuromotor prostheses or, more commonly referred to as brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) or brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), refer to systems controlling prosthetic devices via an interface with ensembles of the neurons often from the cortex. Electrical potentials emanating from neurons in the vicinity of an electrode interface are decoded to extract useful control signals for external devices, typically an artificial limb or a robot. Nonelectric potentials such as the metabolic signals are also being used in some BMIs.

Introduction

Cortically controlled BMIs utilize voluntary modulations of cortical neurons in controlling an external prosthetic device. The system-level architecture of a BMI setup is shown in Fig. 1. Individual neural signals, i.e., action potential spikes, local field potentials, ECoGs, and EEGs, or a combination of these signals, can be used to control a motor prosthesis. Temporal and spectral modulations of these signals are typically mapped (or decoded)...

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Abbreviations

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

BCI:

Brain-computer interface

BMI:

Brain-machine interface

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

ECoG:

Electrocorticogram

EEG:

Electroencephalogram

EMG:

Electromyogram

EOG:

Electrooculogram

ERP:

Event-related potential

SCI:

Spinal cord injury

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Karthikeyan Balasubramanian & Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos

Authors
  1. Karthikeyan Balasubramanian
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  2. Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos
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Correspondence to Karthikeyan Balasubramanian .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Dieter Jaeger

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

    Ranu Jung

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Balasubramanian, K., Hatsopoulos, N.G. (2014). Cortical Motor Prosthesis. In: Jaeger, D., Jung, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_705-1

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