Definition
The electrical properties of neural tissue describe how an applied electric field (e.g., biopotentials or electrical stimulation) propagates through the tissue. The complex nature of neural tissue leads to frequency-dependent, inhomogeneous, and anisotropic electrical properties within the tissue.
Detailed Description
Introduction
Electrical properties of neural tissue can be described in terms of electrical impedance. Electrical impedance describes the opposition to the flow of an electrical current through the tissue. Electrical impedance can be a complex quantity with both real (i.e., resistive) and imaginary (i.e., reactive) components. While several studies only consider the resistive component of neural tissue, neural tissue often displays frequency-dependent electrical properties in which it is often useful to consider both the resistive and the reactive components (Fig. 1). The electrical properties...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bedard C, Destexhe A (2012) Local field potentials. In: Brette R, Destexhe A (eds) Handbook of neural activity measurement. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 136–191
Bosetti CA, Birdno MJ, Grill WM (2008) Analysis of the quasi-static approximation for calculating potentials generated by neural stimulation. J Neural Eng 5:44–53
Buzsaki G, Anastassiou CA, Koch C (2012) The origin of extracellular fields and currents - EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes. Nat Rev Neurosci 13:407–420
Chaturvedi A, Butson CR, Lempka SF, Cooper SE, McIntyre CC (2010) Patient-specific models of deep brain stimulation: influence of field model complexity on neural activation predictions. Brain Stimul 3:65–77
Foster KR, Schwan HP (1996) Dielectric properties of tissues. In: Polk C, Postow E (eds) Biological effects of electromagnetic fields, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 25–102
Gabriel C, Gabriel S, Corthout E (1996a) The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey. Phys Med Biol 41:2231–2249
Gabriel S, Lau RW, Gabriel C (1996b) The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Phys Med Biol 41:2251–2269
Geddes LA, Baker LE (1967) The specific resistance of biological material – a compendium of data for the biomedical engineer and physiologist. Med Biol Eng 5:271–293
Kajikawa Y, Schroeder CE (2011) How local is the local field potential? Neuron 72:847–858
Lempka SF, McIntyre CC (2013) Theoretical analysis of the local field potential in deep brain stimulation applications. PLoS One 8:e59839
Lempka SF, Johnson MD, Moffitt MA, Otto KJ, Kipke DR, McIntyre CC (2011) Theoretical analysis of intracortical microelectrode recordings. J Neural Eng 8:045006
Linden H, Pettersen KH, Einevoll GT (2010) Intrinsic dendritic filtering gives low-pass power spectra of local field potentials. J Comput Neurosci 29:423–444
Logothetis NK, Kayser C, Oeltermann A (2007) In vivo measurement of cortical impedance spectrum in monkeys: implications for signal propagation. Neuron 55:809–823
McAdams ET, Jossinet J (1995) Tissue impedance: a historical overview. Physiol Meas 16:A1–A13
McIntyre CC, Mori S, Sherman DL, Thakor NV, Vitek JL (2004) Electric field and stimulating influence generated by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. Clin Neurophysiol 115:589–595
Miranda PC, Lomarev M, Hallett M (2006) Modeling the current distribution during transcranial direct current stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 117:1623–1629
Mitzdorf U (1985) Current source-density method and application in cat cerebral cortex: investigation in cat cerebral cortex: investigation of evoked potentials and EEG phenomena. Physiol Rev 65:37–100
Moffitt MA, McIntyre CC (2005) Model-based analysis of cortical recording with silicon microelectrodes. Clin Neurophysiol 116:2240–50
Nunez P, Srinivasan R (2006) Electric fields of the brain. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Plonsey R, Heppner DB (1967) Considerations of quasi-stationarity in electrophysiological systems. Bull Math Biophys 29:657–664
Ranck JB (1963) Specific impedance of rabbit cerebral cortex. Exp Neurol 7:144–152
Ranck JB, BeMent SL (1965) The specific impedance of the dorsal columns of cat: an anisotropic medium. Exp Neurol 11:451–463
Sperelakis N (2012) Origin of resting membrane potentials. In: Sperelakis N (ed) Cell physiology sourcebook: essentials of membrane biophysics, 4th edn. Elsevier, New York, pp 121–145
Tuch DS, Wedeen VJ, Dale AM, George JS, Belliveau JW (2001) Conductivity tensor mapping of the human brain using diffusion tensor MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:11697–11701
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Lempka, S., McIntyre, C. (2015). Resistivity/Conductivity of Extracellular Medium. In: Jaeger, D., Jung, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6675-8_549
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6675-8_549
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6674-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6675-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences