Creative Climates, Creative Attitudes, and Creative Thinking Skills
Innovation requires the three distinct yet measurable steps, acronymed as CATs: cultivating creative Climates (Step 1); nurturing creative Attitudes (Step 2); and applying creative Thinking skills (Step 3) (Kim 2016). These steps can be measured by both non-testing and testing methods. Non-testing methods usually involve a third-party review such as expert evaluation. Testing methods are developed across three areas: first, tests for creative climates such as cultural climate, organizational climate, and family climate; second, tests for creative attitudes such as the Group Inventory for Finding Talent, the Group Inventory for Finding Interests, the Khatena-Torrance Creative Perception Inventory, What Kind of Person Are You? (WKPAY), Something About Myself (SAM), and the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students; and...
References
Amabile TM. Social psychology of creativity: a consensual assessment technique. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982;43: 997–1013.
Baer J, McKool SS. Assessing creativity using the consensual assessment technique. In: Handbook of research on assessment technologies, methods, and applications in higher education. New York: Information Science; 2009.
Cramond B. The Torrance tests of creative thinking: from design through establishment of predictive validity. In: Subotnik RF, Arnold KD, editors. Beyond Terman: contemporary longitudinal studies of giftedness and talent. Norwood: Ablex; 1993. p. 229–54.
Ekvall G, Arvonen J, Waldenstrom-Lindblad I. Creative organizational climate: construction and validation of a measuring instrument. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Management and Work Life Issues; 1983.
Guilford JP. The nature of human intelligence. New York: Wiley; 1967.
Khatena J, Torrance EP. Khatena-Torrance Creative Perception Inventory. Bensenville: Scholastic Testing Services; 1976a.
Khatena J, Torrance EP. Khatena-Torrance Creative Perception Inventory. Bensenville: Scholastic Testing Services; 1976b.
Khatena J, Torrance EP. Khatena Torrance Creative Perception Inventory (Rev.). Bensenville: Scholastic Testing Services; 1998.
Kim KH. Cultural influence on creativity: the relationship between creativity and confucianism. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Georgia; 2004. Print.
Kim KH. Can only intelligent people be creative? A meta-analysis. J Second Gift Educ. 2005;16:57–66.
Kim KH. Can we trust creativity tests? A review of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Creat Res J. 2006a;18(1):3–14.
Kim KH. Is creativity unidimensional or multidimensional? Analyses of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Creat Res J. 2006b;18:251–9.
Kim KH. The two Torrance creativity tests: the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement. In: Creativity: a handbook for teachers. Hackensack: World Scientific; 2007. Available from http://kkim.wmwikis.net/file/view/The%20Two%20Creativity%20Tests_Book%20Chapter%202007.pdf
Kim KH. Commentary: the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking already overcome many of the perceived weaknesses that Silvia et al.’s (2008) methods are intended to correct. Psychol Aesthet Creat Arts. 2008a;2:97–9.
Kim KH. Meta-analyses of the relationship of creative achievement to both IQ and divergent thinking test scores. J Creat Behav. 2008b;42:106–30.
Kim KH. Proven reliability and validity of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Psychol Aesthet Creat Arts. 2011a;5:314–5. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021916.
Kim KH. The APA 2009 Division 10 debate: are the Torrance tests still relevant in the 21st century? Psychol Aesthet Creat Arts. 2011b;5:302–8. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021917.
Kim KH. The creativity crisis: The decrease in creative thinking scores on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Creativity Res J. 2011c;23, 285–295.
Kim KH. The creativity challenge: how we can recapture American innovation. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books; 2016.
Renzulli JS, Smith LH, White AJ, Callahan CM, Hartman RK, Westberg KL. Scales for rating the behavioral characteristics of superior students-Revised edition. Mansfield Center: Creative Learning Press; 2002.
Rimm SB. GIFT: Group Inventory for Finding Talent. Watertown: Educational Assessment Service; 1976.
Rimm SB, Davis GA. Group Inventory for Finding Interests. Watertown: Educational Assessment Service; 1979.
Runco MA, Millar G, Acar S, Cramond B. Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking as predictors of personal and public achievement: a fifty-year follow-up. Creat Res J. 2010;22:361–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2010.523393.
Schaefer CE. Biographical correlates of scientific and artistic creativity in adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Fordham University; 1967.
Schaefer CE, Anastasi A. A biographical inventory for identifying creativity in adolescent boys. J Appl Psychol. 1968;52:42–8.
Taylor CW. The 1955 and 1957 research conferences: the identification of creative scientific talent. Am Psychol. 1959;14:100–2.
Torrance EP. The Torrance tests of creative thinking – norms-technical manual research edition – verbal tests, forms A and B – figural tests, forms A and B. Princeton: Personnel Press; 1966.
Torrance EP. Are the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking biased against or in favor of “disadvantaged” groups? Gift Child Q. 1971;15:75–80.
Torrance EP. Discovery and nurturance of giftedness in the culturally different. Reston: Council on Exceptional Children; 1977.
Torrance EP. The Manifesto: a guide to developing a creative career. West Westport: Ablex; 2002.
Torrance EP. The Torrance tests of creative thinking norms-technical manual figural (streamlined) forms A & B. Bensenville: Scholastic Testing Services; 2008.
Torrance EP, Torrance JP. Combining creative problem-solving with creative expressive activities in the education of disadvantaged young people. J Creat Behav. 1972;6:1–10.
Wallach MA, Kogan N. Modes of thinking in young children. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston; 1965.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kim, K.H., Hao, Y. (2019). Creative Climate Tests, Creative Attitudes Tests, and Creative Thinking Skills Tests. In: Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6616-1_19-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6616-1_19-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6616-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6616-1
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Business and ManagementReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences