Neurological

Synonyms

Neural

Definition

Neurological refers to any process or disorder involving the nervous system or its components. The nervous system includes the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively). These systems are composed of neuronal fibers (axons and dendrites) which transmit neurological information to and from neurons, cell bodies that process neurological information, as well as other types of cells (e.g., astrocytes, microglia). The CNS, the “headquarters” of the body, processes and regulates multiple bodily responses and psychological responses to external and internal stimuli. These numerous neurological processes are carried out by various levels of the CNS including the brain stem (basic vital signs), the limbic system (memory, sensory, autonomic, immune, hormonal, and emotional processes), and the cortex (executive function and information processing, overall modulation of multiple systems). Neurological disorders are a heterogeneous group of...