Skip to main content

Virtual Reality

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine

Synonyms

Artificial environment; Artificial intelligence; Computerized simulation; VR

Definition

Virtual reality is computer technology that approximates virtual worlds, allowing the user to explore and interact in a reality or a sci-fi environment. It may include augmentative devices like headsets or handsets, but some virtual reality is available solely on a desktop or laptop computer (e.g., Second Life). Well-known virtual reality programs include Sega VR, Google Street View, and Oculus Rift. For the purposes of behavioral medicine, virtual reality can be used to foster self-management, provide psychoeducation or exposure exercises, and practice behavioral skills.

Description

Virtual reality can include haptic systems, which send vibrations into the hands or body to create the illusion of grabbing, touching, or movement. The tactile information is frequently called force feedback. Some systems include multi-room displays, allowing the user to walk through space to explore and...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References and Further Reading

  • Burdea Grigore, C., & Coiffet, P. (1994). Virtual reality technology. London: Wiley-Interscience.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chirico, A., Lucidi, F., De Laurentiis, M., Milanese, C., Napoli, A., & Giordano, A. (2016). Virtual reality in health system: Beyond entertainment. A mini-review on the efficacy of VR during cancer treatment. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 231(2), 275–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Culbertson, C. S., Shulenberger, S., De La Garza, R., Newton, T. F., & Brody, A. L. (2012). Virtual reality cue exposure therapy for the treatment of tobacco dependence. Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, 5(1), 57–64.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dascal, J., Reid, M., IsHak, W. W., Spiegel, B., Recacho, J., Rosen, B., & Danovitch, I. (2017). Virtual reality and medical inpatients: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 14(1–2), 14–21.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Palacios, A., Herrero, R., Vizcaíno, Y., Belmonte, M. A., Castilla, D., Molinari, G., …, & Botella, C. (2015). Integrating virtual reality with activity management for the treatment of fibromyalgia: Acceptability and preliminary efficacy. Clinical Journal of Pain, 31(6), 564–572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gigante, M. A. (1993). Virtual reality: Definitions, history and applications. In R. A. Earnshaw, M. A. Gigante, & H. Jones (Eds.), Virtual reality systems (pp. 3–14). London: Academic.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. H., Han, D. H., Oh, S., Lyoo, I. K., Lee, Y. S., Renshaw, P. F., & Lukas, S. E. (2009). Quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) correlates of craving during virtual reality therapy in alcohol-dependent patients. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 91(3), 393–397.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marco, J. H., Perpina, C., & Botella, C. (2013). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy supported by virtual reality in the treatment of body image in eating disorders: One year follow-up. Psychiatry Research, 209(3), 619–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazuryk, T., & Gervautz, M. (1996). Virtual reality, history, applications, technology and future (pp. 1–72). Vienna: Institute of Computer Graphics, Vienna University of Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCann, R. A., Armstrong, C. M., Skopp, N. A., Edwards-Stewart, A., Smolenski, D. J., June, J. D., …, & Reger, G. M. (2014). Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders: An evaluation of research quality. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(6), 625–631.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, C. D., Pettifer, S., Howard, T., Patchick, E., Caillette, F., & Murray, J. (2009). Virtual solutions to phantom problems: Using immersive virtual reality to treat phantom limb pain. In C. D. Murray (Ed.), Amputation, prosthesis use, and phantom limb pain (pp. 175–196). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D., & Rizzo, A. A. (2008). Affective outcomes of virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and specific phobias: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39(3), 250–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powers, M. B., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (2008). Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(3), 561–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., Rinaldi, S., Vincelli, F., & Molinari, E. (2000). Virtual reality-based experiential cognitive treatment of obesity and binge-eating disorders. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 7(3), 209–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, A., Khan, R., Fick, D., Robertson, W. B., Gunaratne, D. R., Yapa, S., …, & Rajan, R. (2017). The effect of virtual reality in reducing preoperative anxiety in patients prior to arthroscopic knee surgery: A randomised controlled trial. In: 2017 I.E. 5th international conference on serious games and applications for health (SeGAH), IEEE, Perth, pp. 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultheis, M. T., & Rizzo, A. A. (2001). The application of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 46(3), 296–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, R. (2001). Haptic feedback: A brief history from telepresence to virtual reality. In R. Murray-Smith (Ed.), Haptic human–computer interaction (Vol. 2058, pp. 1–16). Heidelberg: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, J. G., Spitalnick, J. S., Hadley, W., Bond, D. S., & Wing, R. R. (2015). Development of and feedback on a fully automated virtual reality system for online training in weight management skills. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 9(1), 145–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296814557326.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Twillert, B., Bremer, M., & Faber, A. W. (2007). Computer-generated virtual reality to control pain and anxiety in pediatric and adult burn patients during wound dressing changes. Journal of Burn Care & Research, 28(5), 694–702.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2005). Virtual reality therapy for anxiety disorders: Advances in evaluation and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wiederhold, B. K., Riva, G., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2014). How can virtual reality interventions help reduce prescription opioid drug misuse? Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17(6), 331–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carly M. Goldstein .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Goldstein, C.M., Goldstein, S.P. (2018). Virtual Reality. In: Gellman, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_101947-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_101947-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6439-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6439-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics