Historical Background
The adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) or ADP/ATP carrier belongs to the evolutionarily conserved family of mitochondrial carriers (for a recent review, see Palmieri 2014). ANT constitutes one of the most abundant proteins of the mitochondrial inner membrane (IM), in which it is inserted via six transmembrane helices. Both the C- and N-termini of ANT face the mitochondrial matrix. ANT was first characterized as an antiporter that mediates the export of ATP from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space together with the import of ADP from the intermembrane space to the matrix (Pfaff and Klingenberg 1968) (Fig. 1a). Its antiporter activity is electrogenic, as it drives the stoichiometric exchange of ATP4− and ADP3−. ANT may also act as an IM channel, playing a critical role in the permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes that accompanies regulated cell death, that is, intrinsic apoptosis as...
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Tufo, G., Galluzzi, L., Kroemer, G., Brenner, C. (2016). ANT. In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_175-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_175-1
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