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Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1)

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Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules

Synonyms

TA1; TAAR1; TAR1; TRAR1

Historical Background

Trace amines (TAs) are a class of endogenous amines that traditionally include compounds such as β-phenylethylamine (b-PEA), tyramine, tryptamine, octopamine, and synephrine (Fig. 1) (Berry 2004). Trace amines are characterized by their trace levels in the brain, their lack of vesicular storage, and their fast metabolism. These molecules are structurally related to the classic monoamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) and share similar synthetic and degradation pathways. TAs are synthesized by the action of L-amino acid decarboxylase and are degraded primarily by monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) (Fig. 2). TAs were initially discovered over 100 years ago and are present in several organisms (Grandy 2007). In invertebrates, octopamine and tyramine serve as major neurotransmitters, functionally replacing the role of epinephrine and norepinephrine found in vertebrates. However, in vertebrates, in particular in mammals,...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Vincent M. Lam & Ali Salahpour

  2. Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Raul R. Gainetdinov

  3. Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia

    Raul R. Gainetdinov

  4. Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy

    Stefano Espinoza

Authors
  1. Vincent M. Lam
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  2. Raul R. Gainetdinov
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  3. Ali Salahpour
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  4. Stefano Espinoza
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ali Salahpour or Stefano Espinoza .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Biological Science, Department of Molecular Science and Tech College of Natural Science, Suwon, Korea (Republic of)

    Sangdun Choi

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Lam, V.M., Gainetdinov, R.R., Salahpour, A., Espinoza, S. (2017). Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1). In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101881-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101881-1

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