Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

SCD (Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase)

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules

  • 163 Accesses

Synonyms

Delta-9-desaturase; EC 1.14.19.1; FADS; SCD; Stearoyl-CoA desaturase

Historical Background

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), also known as delta-9-desaturase, is a membrane-bound enzyme that together with NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome b5 introduces a cis double bond in palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA between their ninth and tenth carbon atom counted from the carboxyl site (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1
figure 1

Conversion of C16:0 to C16:1 n-1 and C18:0 to C18:1 n-9 by SCD1 is the result of the introduction of a double bond between carbon 9 and 10 counted from the COOH site. The oxygen (O) molecules are depicted in red, hydrogen (H) in white, and carbon in gray (C). Structures are derived using the MOLVIEW program (http://molview.org)

Full size image

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aguilar PS, de Mendoza D. Control of fatty acid desaturation: a mechanism conserved from bacteria to humans. Mol Microbiol. 2006;62:1507–14. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05484.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Astarita G, Jung KM, Vasilevko V, Dipatrizio NV, Martin SK, Cribbs DH, et al. Elevated stearoyl-CoA desaturase in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One. 2011;6:e24777. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024777.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Y, McCoy JG, Levin EJ, Sobrado P, Rajashankar KR, Fox BG, et al. X-ray structure of a mammalian stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Nature. 2015;524:252–6. doi:10.1038/nature14549.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Baranowski M, Zabielski P, Blachnio-Zabielska AU, Harasim E, Chabowski A, Gorski J. Insulin-sensitizing effect of LXR agonist T0901317 in high-fat fed rats is associated with restored muscle GLUT4 expression and insulin-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation. Cellular Physiol Biochem. 2014;33:1047–57. doi:10.1159/000358675.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castro LF, Wilson JM, Goncalves O, Galante-Oliveira S, Rocha E, Cunha I. The evolutionary history of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene family in vertebrates. BMC Evol Biol. 2011;11:132. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-132.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cossins AR, Murray PA, Gracey AY, Logue J, Polley S, Caddick M, et al. The role of desaturases in cold-induced lipid restructuring. Biochem Soc Trans. 2002;30:1082–6 .doi:10.1042/bst0301082

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cui XB, Luan JN, Chen SY. RGC-32 deficiency protects against hepatic steatosis by reducing lipogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2015;290:20387–95. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.630186.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • de Moura RF, Nascimento LF, Ignacio-Souza LM, Morari J, Razolli DS, Solon C, et al. Hypothalamic stearoyl-CoA desaturase-2 (SCD2) controls whole-body energy expenditure. Int J Obes. 2016;40:471–8. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ford JH. Saturated fatty acid metabolism is key link between cell division, cancer, and senescence in cellular and whole organism aging. Age (Dordr). 2010;32:231–7. doi:10.1007/s11357-009-9128-x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurr MI, Davey KW, James AT. "Solubilization" of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase of rat liver microsomes. FEBS Lett. 1968;1:320–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez-Juarez R, Pocai A, Mulas C, Ono H, Bhanot S, Monia BP, et al. Critical role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) in the onset of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2006;116:1686–95. doi:10.1172/JCI26991.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hess D, Chisholm JW, Igal RA. Inhibition of stearoyl CoA desaturase activity blocks cell cycle progression and induces programmed cell death in lung cancer cells. PLoS One. 2010;5:e11394. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011394.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs AA, Dijkstra J, Liesman JS, Vandehaar MJ, Lock AL, van Vuuren AM, et al. Effects of short- and long-chain fatty acids on the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and other lipogenic genes in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Animal. 2013;7:1508–16. doi:10.1017/S175173111300061X.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Ding SF, Habib NA, Fermor BF, Wood CB, Gilmour RS. Partial characterization of a cDNA for human stearoyl-CoA desaturase and changes in its mRNA expression in some normal and malignant tissues. Int J Cancer. 1994;57:348–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui H, Yokoyama T, Sekiguchi K, Iijima D, Sunaga H, Maniwa M, et al. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) augments saturated fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and inhibits apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. PLoS One. 2012;7:e33283. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033283.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • McWilliam H, Li W, Uludag M, Squizzato S, Park YM, Buso N, et al. Analysis tool web services from the EMBL-EBI. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41:W597–600. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt376.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mercuri O, Peluffo RO, de Tomas ME. Effect of different diets on the delta 9-desaturase activity of normal and diabetic rats. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1974;369:264–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peck B, Schulze A. Lipid desaturation - the next step in targeting lipogenesis in cancer? FEBS J. 2016;283:2767–78. doi:10.1111/febs.13681.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peck B, Schug ZT, Zhang Q, Dankworth B, Jones DT, Smethurst E, et al. Inhibition of fatty acid desaturation is detrimental to cancer cell survival in metabolically compromised environments. Cancer Metab. 2016;4:6. doi:10.1186/s40170-016-0146-8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Polo-Hernandez E, Tello V, Arroyo AA, Dominguez-Prieto M, de Castro F, Tabernero A, et al. Oleic acid synthesized by stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) in the lateral periventricular zone of the developing rat brain mediates neuronal growth, migration and the arrangement of prospective synapses. Brain Res. 2014;1570:13–25. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.038.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Popeijus HE, Saris WH, Mensink RP. Role of stearoyl-CoA desaturases in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes. 2008;32:1076–82. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salmani Izadi M, Naserian AA, Nasiri MR, Majidzadeh HR. An evolutionary relationship between Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) protein sequences involved in fatty acid metabolism. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;3:1–6.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sampath H, Ntambi JM. The role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1243:47–53. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06303.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sampath H, Ntambi JM. Role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in skin integrity and whole body energy balance. J Biol Chem. 2014;289:2482–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.R113.516716.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savory FR, Sait SM, Hope IA. DAF-16 and Delta9 desaturase genes promote cold tolerance in long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans age-1 mutants. PLoS One. 2011;6:e24550. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024550.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shanklin J, Whittle E, Fox BG. Eight histidine residues are catalytically essential in a membrane-associated iron enzyme, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and are conserved in alkane hydroxylase and xylene monooxygenase. Biochemistry. 1994;33:12787–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uto Y. Recent progress in the discovery and development of stearoyl CoA desaturase inhibitors. Chem Phys Lipids. 2016;197:3–12. doi:10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.018.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yao D, Luo J, He Q, Shi H, Li J, Wang H, et al. SCD1 Alters Long-Chain Fatty Acid (LCFA) composition and its expression is directly regulated by SREBP-1 and PPARgamma 1 in dairy goat mammary cells. J Cell Physiol. 2016. doi:10.1002/jcp.25469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Chen J, Qiu J, Li Y, Wang J, Jiao J. Intakes of fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids and mild-to-severe cognitive impairment risks: a dose-response meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103:330–40. doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.124081.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Ge L, Parimoo S, Stenn K, Prouty SM. Human stearoyl-CoA desaturase: alternative transcripts generated from a single gene by usage of tandem polyadenylation sites. Biochem J. 1999;340(Pt 1):255–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Ge L, Tran T, Stenn K, Prouty SM. Isolation and characterization of the human stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter: requirement of a conserved CCAAT cis-element. Biochem J. 2001;357:183–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Herman E. Popeijus

Authors
  1. Herman E. Popeijus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Herman E. Popeijus .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Biological Science, Department of Molecular Science and Tech College of Natural Science, Suwon, Korea (Republic of)

    Sangdun Choi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this entry

Cite this entry

Popeijus, H.E. (2016). SCD (Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase). In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101551-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101551-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6438-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6438-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation