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Definition
This is a category of DNA repair in which the chemical modification is removed directly from the DNA. Enzymes are capable of doing this without excising bases or nucleotides.
Discussion
Other sections of this encyclopedia deal with major types of DNA repair, including base excision, nucleotide excision, and mismatch repair. However, another type of repair is also important and will be presented here. At least three important types of direct reversal of DNA damage are known.
Photoreversal is a photoinduced process that eliminates photoinduced dimers (Fig. 1). Historically, this was one of the first modes of DNA repair recognized and provided an early impetus for the importance of DNA repair in biological systems.
References
Delaney JC, Smeester L, Wong C et al (2005) AlkB reverses etheno DNA lesions caused by lipid oxidation in vitro and in vivo. Nat Struct Mol Biol 12:855–860
Guengerich FP, Fang Q, Liu L et al (2003) O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase: low pKa and high reactivity of cysteine 145. Biochemistry 42:10965–10970
Liu L, Williams KM, Guengerich FP et al (2004) O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase has opposing effects in modulating the genotoxicity of dibromomethane and bromomethyl acetate. Chem Res Toxicol 17:742–752
Pauly GT, Loktionova NA, Fang Q et al (2008) Substitution of aminomethyl at the meta-position enhances the inactivation of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase by O6-benzylguanine. J Med Chem 51:7144–7153
Samson L, Thomale J, Rajewsky MF (1988) Alternative pathways for the in vivo repair of O6-alkylguanine and O4-alkylthymine in Escherichia coli: the adaptive response and nucleotide excision repair. EMBO J 7:2261–2267
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Guengerich, F.P. (2014). Direct Enzymatic Reversal of DNA Damage. In: Bell, E. (eds) Molecular Life Sciences. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6436-5_233-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6436-5_233-1
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