Definition
Imitation is considered to be an integral component of young children’s social development. The ability to imitate helps lay the foundation for quality social interactions. Empirical findings exploring early imitative abilities in children have found them to relate to an array of early childhood skills including: social engagement, nonverbal communication, language development, social understanding, and cognitive skills (Young et al. 2011; Rose et al. 2009; Olineck and Poulin-Dubois 2009; Strid et al. 2006).
Historical Background
Although empirical evidence supports the notion that individuals with ASD, as a group, imitate others with less accuracy and less frequency than their typically developing peers (Vivanti and Hamilton 2014), studies reporting on imitation abilities in individuals with ASD report heterogeneity across individuals (Rogers and Dawson 2010; Salowitz et al. 2012; Vanvuchelen et al. 2011; Vivanti et al. 2011). These differences in imitation abilities seem...
References and Reading
Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., … Varley, J. (2010). Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: The Early Start Denver Model. Pediatrics, 125(1), e17–e23.
Ingersoll, B., & Gergans, S. (2007). The effect of a parent-implemented imitation intervention on spontaneous imitation skills in young children with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 28(2), 163–175.
Ingersoll, B., & Meyer, K. (2011). Examination of correlates of different imitative functions in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(3), 1078–1085.
Ingersoll, B., & Schreibman, L. (2006). Teaching reciprocal imitation skills to young children with autism using a naturalistic behavioral approach: Effects on language, pretend play, and joint attention. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(4), 487.
Ingersoll, B., Lewis, E., & Kroman, E. (2007). Teaching the imitation and spontaneous use of descriptive gestures in young children with autism using a naturalistic behavioral intervention. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(8), 1446–1456.
Kasari, C., & Lawton, K. (2010). New directions in behavioral treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Current Opinion in Neurology, 23(2), 137.
McDuffie, A., Turner, L., Stone, W., Yoder, P., Wolery, M., & Ulman, T. (2007). Developmental correlates of different types of motor imitation in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(3), 401–412.
Mumford, K. H. (2014). The relationship between vocabulary and gesture development in early childhood and infancy. Doctoral dissertation, University of Birmingham.
Ozonoff, S., & Cathcart, K. (1998). Effectiveness of a home program intervention for young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28(1), 25–32.
Rogers, S. J. (1999). An examination of the imitation deficit in autism.
Rogers, S. J., & Dawson, G. (2010). Early Start Denver Model for young children with autism: Promoting language, learning, and engagement. New York: Guilford Press.
Rogers, S. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1991). A theoretical approach to the deficits in infantile autism. Development and Psychopathology, 3(2), 137–162.
Rogers, S. J., Hepburn, S. L., Stackhouse, T., & Wehner, E. (2003). Imitation performance in toddlers with autism and those with other developmental disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(5), 763–781.
Rogers, S. J., Cook, I., & Meryl, A. (2005). Imitation and play in autism. In Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (Vol. 1, pp. 382–405).
Rose, S. A., Feldman, J. F., & Jankowski, J. J. (2009). A cognitive approach to the development of early language. Child Development, 80(1), 134–150.
Salowitz, N. M., Eccarius, P., Karst, J., Carson, A., Schohl, K., Stevens, S., … Scheidt, R. A. (2012). Brief report: Visuo-spatial guidance of movement during gesture imitation and mirror drawing in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(4), 985–995.
Strid, K., Tjus, T., Smith, L., Meltzoff, A. N., & Heimann, M. (2006). Infant recall memory and communication predicts later cognitive development. Infant Behavior and Development, 29(4), 545–553.
Toth, K., Munson, J. N., Meltzoff, A., & Dawson, G. (2006). Early predictors of communication development in young children with autism spectrum disorder: Joint attention, imitation, and toy play. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(8), 993–1005.
Toth, K., Dawson, G., Meltzoff, A. N., Greenson, J., & Fein, D. (2007). Early social, imitation, play, and language abilities of young non-autistic siblings of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 145–157.
Vanvuchelen, M., Roeyers, H., & De Weerdt, W. (2011). Imitation assessment and its utility to the diagnosis of autism: Evidence from consecutive clinical preschool referrals for suspected. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(4), 484–496.
Vivanti, G., & Hamilton, A. (2014). Imitation in autism spectrum disorders. In Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (4th ed.).
Vivanti, G., McCormick, C., Young, G. S., Abucayan, F., Hatt, N., Nadig, A., … Rogers, S. J. (2011). Intact and impaired mechanisms of action understanding in autism. Developmental Psychology, 47(3), 841.
Vivanti, G., Dissanayake, C., Zierhut, C., Rogers, S. J., & Victorian ASELCC Team. (2013). Brief report: Predictors of outcomes in the Early Start Denver Model delivered in a group setting. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(7), 1717–1724.
Whalen, C., Schreibman, L., & Ingersoll, B. (2006). The collateral effects of joint attention training on social initiations, positive affect, imitation, and spontaneous speech for young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(5), 655–664.
Williams, J. H. (2008). Self–other relations in social development and autism: Multiple roles for mirror neurons and other brain bases. Autism Research, 1(2), 73–90.
Young, G. S., Rogers, S. J., Hutman, T., Rozga, A., Sigman, M., & Ozonoff, S. (2011). Imitation from 12 to 24 months in autism and typical development: A longitudinal Rasch analysis. Developmental Psychology, 47(6), 1565.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Lawton, K. (2020). Imitation. In: Volkmar, F.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_851-3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_851-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6435-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6435-8
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences