Definition
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a group of lifelong, complex neurodevelopmental disorders emerging during early childhood and interfering with a person’s ability to socially relate to and interact with others. According to the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Revision (DSM-5), the current diagnostic criteria for ASD include deficits in: (a) social interaction and nonverbal communication; and (b) restricted, repetitive movements, behaviors, and interests (American Psychiatric Association 2013). The World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) characterizes ASD by impairments in three core areas: social interaction; communication; and restricted, repetitive behaviors (World Health Organization 1994). The ICD-11 is scheduled for release in 2018 and expected to follow the new ASD nosology.
Historical Background
According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and...
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Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the support of the World Innoviation Summit in Health (WISH) by Qatar Foundation for the Autism Forum and the Fogarty/NIMH D43 grant TW009680 from the National Institutes of Health (KM, IR, BG).
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Munir, K.M., Lavelle, T.A., Helm, D.T., Rustamov, I., Azeem, W. (2018). Developing Countries and Autism. In: Volkmar, F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102146-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102146-1
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