Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Thermal Conversion of Biomass

Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

  • 589 Accesses

Abstract

Bioenergy is presently the largest global contributor of renewable energy. Biomass thermal conversion has significant potential to expand in the production of heat, electricity, and fuels for transport. In addition, energy from biomass can contribute significantly toward the objectives of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and alleviating problems related to climate change. There are three main thermal processes – combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis – to convert the biomass into various energy products.

Combustion is well established and widely practiced with many examples of dedicated plant and co-firing applications. At present, biomass co-firing in modern coal power plants is the most cost-effective biomass use for power generation. Due to feedstock availability issues, dedicated biomass plants for combined heat and power (CHP) are typically of smaller size.

Gasification provides a competitive way to convert diverse, highly distributed, and low-value lignocellulosic biomass to syngas for combined heat and power generation, synthesis of liquid fuels, and production of hydrogen (H2). A number of gasifier configurations have been developed. Biomass integrated gasification combined cycles (BIGCC) using black liquor are already in use. Gasification can also coproduce liquid fuels, and such advanced technologies are currently being investigated in research and pilot plants.

Pyrolysis is thermal destruction of biomass in the absence of air/oxygen to produce liquid bio-oil, syngas, and charcoal. Fast pyrolysis for liquid fuel production is currently of particular interest because liquid fuel can be stored and transported more easily and at lower cost than solid biomass. Pyrolysis technology is currently at the demonstration stage, and technologies for upgrading the bio-oil to transport fuels are applied at the R&D and pilot stage.

This chapter provides an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on biomass thermal conversion: the recent breakthrough in the technology, the current research and development activities, and the challenges associated with its increased deployment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Arvelakis S, Koukios EG (2002) Physicochemical upgrading of agroresidues as feedstocks for energy production via thermochemical conversion methods. Biomass Bioenergy 22:331–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arvelakis S, Gehrmann H, Beckman M et al (2002) Effect of leaching on the ash behaviour of olive residue during fluidized bed gasification. Biomass Bioenergy 22:55–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arvelakis S, Gehrmann H, Beckmann M et al (2005) Preliminary results on the ash behavior of peach stones during fluidized bed gasification: evaluation of fractionation and leaching as pre-treatments. Biomass Bioenergy 28:331–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balat M, Balat H (2009) Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel. Appl Energy 86(11):2273–2282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartels M, Lin WG, Nijenhuis J et al (2008) Agglomeration in fluidized beds at high temperatures – mechanisms, detection and prevention. Prog Energy Combust Sci 34(5):633–666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter LL (1993) Ash deposition during biomass and coal combustion-a mechanistic approach. Biomass Bioenergy 4(2):85–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter L (2005) Biomass-coal co-combustion: opportunity for affordable renewable energy. Fuel 84:1295–1302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boerrigter H (2005) “OLGA” tar removal technology. The Energy research Centre of the Netherlands, ECN-C-05-009

    Google Scholar 

  • Brammer J, Lauer M, Bridgwater A (2006) Opportunities for biomass-derived “bio-oil” in European heat and power markets. Energy Policy 34(17):2871–2880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branca C, Giudicianni P, Blasi C (2003) GC/MS characterization of liquids generated from low-temperature pyrolysis of wood. Ind Eng Chem Res 42:3190–3202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branca C, Blasi C, Elefante R (2005) Devolatilization and heterogeneous combustion of wood fast pyrolysis oils. Ind Eng Chem Res 44(4):799–810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branca C, DiBlasi C, Elefante R (2006) Devolatilization of conventional pyrolysis oils generated from biomass and cellulose. Energy Fuels 20(5):2253–2261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridgwater A (1999) Principles and practice of biomass fast pyrolysis processes for liquids. J Anal Appl Pyrol 51:3–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridgwater A (2003) Renewable fuels and chemicals by thermal processing of biomass. Chem Eng J 91:87–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridgwater A (2004) Biomass fast pyrolysis. Therm Sci 8:21–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridgwater A, Peacocke G (2000) Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass. Renew Sust Energy Rev 4:1–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridgwater AV, Beenackers AACM, Spila K et al (1999a) An assessment of the possibilities for transfer of European biomass gasification technology to China. European Community, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • Bridgwater A, Meier D, Radlein D (1999b) An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass. Org Geochem 30:1479–1493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown JN (2009) Development of a lab-scale auger reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis and process optimization using response surface methodology. MS thesis, Iowa State University, Ames

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown RC, Liu Q, Norton G (2000) Catalytic effects observed during the co-gasification of coal and switchgrass. Biomass Bioenergy 18:499–506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruun EW, Hauqqaard-Nielsen H, Ibrahim N et al (2010) Influence of fast pyrolysis temperature on biochar labile fraction and short-term carbon loss in a loamy soil. Biomass Bioenergy 35(3):1182–1189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen WY, Gathitu BB (2006) Design of mixed fuel for heterogeneous reburning. Fuel 85:1781–1793

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Andries J, Spliethoff H (2003) Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for hydrogen rich fuel gas production. Energy Convers Manag 44:2289–2296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiaramonti D, Bonini M, Fratini E et al (2003a) Development of emulsions from biomass pyrolysis liquid and diesel and their use in engines-Part 1: emulsion production. Biomass Bioenergy 25(1):85–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiaramonti D, Bonini M, Fratini E et al (2003b) Development of emulsions from biomass pyrolysis liquid and diesel and their use in engines-Part 2: tests in diesel engines. Biomass Bioenergy 25(1):101–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chirone R, Miccio F, Scala F (2006) Mechanism and prediction of bed agglomeration during fluidized bed combustion of a biomass fuel: effect of the reactor scale. J Chem Eng 123(3):71–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Czernik S, Bridgwater A (2004) Overview of applications of biomass fast pyrolysis Oil. Energy Fuels 18(2):590–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis H, Figueroa C, Schaleger L (1982) Hydrogen or carbon monoxide in the liquefaction of biomass. In: World hydrogen energy conference IV, Pasadena

    Google Scholar 

  • Dayton D (2002) A review of the literature on catalytic biomass tar destruction. Report No. NREL/TP-510-32815. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden. http://www.osti.gov/bridge

  • Demirbas A (2003) Sustainable cofiring of biomass with coal. Energy Convers Manag 44:1465–1479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demirbas A (2004) Combustion characteristics of different biomass fuels. Prog Energy Combust Sci 30:219–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demirbas A (2005) Potential applications of renewable energy sources, biomass combustion problems in boiler power systems and combustion related environmental issues. Prog Energy Combust Sci 31:171–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diana N, Marco R, Kam-Rigne L et al (2010) Contrasted effect of biochar and earthworms on rice growth and resource allocation in different soils. Soil Biol Biochem 42:1017–1027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dobele G, Rossinskaja G, Dizhbite T et al (2005) Application of catalysts for obtaining 1, 6-anhydrosaccharides from cellulose and wood by fast pyrolysis. J Anal Appl Pyrol 74(1–2):401–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drift A van der, Boerrigter H, Coda B et al. (2004) Entrained flow gasification of biomass: ash behaviour, feeding issues, and system analyses. ECN-C-04-039. ECN, Petten

    Google Scholar 

  • Elisabet B, Marcus Ö, Anders N (2005) Mechanisms of bed agglomeration during fluidized-bed combustion of biomass fuels. Energy Fuel 19(3):825–832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott DC (2007) Historical developments in hydroprocessing bio-oils. Energy Fuels 21(3):1792–1815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott DC, Baker EG (1986) The effect of catalysis on wood gasification tar composition. Biomass 9:195–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fabbri D, Torri C, Baravelli V (2007) Effect of zeolites and nanopowder metal oxides on the distribution of chiral anhydrosugars evolved from pyrolysis of cellulose: an analytical study. J Anal Appl Pyrol 80(1):24–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • French R, Czernik S (2009) Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for biofuels production. Fuel Process Technol 91(1):25–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furimsky E (2000) Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. Appl Catal A 199(2):147–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gabra M, Pettersson E, Backman R et al (2001) Evaluation of cyclone gasifier performance for gasification of sugar cane residue-Part 1: gasification of bagasse. Biomass Bioenergy 21:351–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Perez M, Chaala A, Pakdel H et al (2007) Characterization of bio-oils in chemical families. Biomass Bioenergy 31(4):222–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcìa-Pérez M, Chaala A, Pakdel H et al (2007) Vacuum pyrolysis of softwood and hardwood biomass: comparison between product yields and bio-oil properties. J Anal Appl Pyrol 78(1):104–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gil J, Corella J, Aznar MP et al (1999) Biomass gasification in atmospheric and bubbling fluidized bed: effect of the type of gasifying agent on the product distribution. Biomass Bioenergy 17:389–403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham R, Bergougnou M, Overend R (1984) Fast pyrolysis of biomass. J Anal Appl Pyrol 6(2):95–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasler XX (1997) Evaluation of gas cleaning technologies for small scale biomass gasifiers. Swiss Federal Office of Energy and Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science, Zurich

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasler P, Nussbaumer T (1999) Gas cleaning for IC engine applications from fixed bed biomass gasification. Biomass Bioenergy 16:385–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heesch BEJM, Paasen SV (2000) Pulsed corona tar cracker. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 28:1571–1575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hristov JY, Stamatov V, Honnery DR et al. (2004) Radiant heating of a bio-oil droplet: a quest for a suitable most and scaling of pre-explosion conditions. In: 15th Australasian fluid mechanics conference, Sydney

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber GW, Iborra S, Corma A (2006) Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering. Chem Rev 106(9):4044–4098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ikura M, Stanciulescu M, Hogan E (2003) Emulsification of pyrolysis derived bio-oil in diesel fuel. Biomass Bioenergy 24(3):221–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iojoiu E, Domine M, Davidian T et al (2007) Hydrogen production by sequential cracking of biomass-derived pyrolysis oil over noble metal catalysts supported on ceria-zirconia. Appl Catal A 323:147–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jana S (2004) Biomass technologies & experiences with biomass utilization. Final[R]

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins BM, Baxter LL, Miles TR Jr et al (1998) Combustion properties of biomass. Fuel Process Technol 54:17–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karhu K et al (2011) Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity – results from a short-term pilot field study. Agric Ecosyst Environ 140:309–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson G, Ekström C (1994) The development of a biomass IGCC process for power and heat production. In: Proceedings of the eighth European conference on biomass for energy, environment, agriculture and industry, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan AA, de Jong W, Jansens PJ et al (2009) Biomass combustion in fluidized bed boilers: potential problems and remedies. Fuel Process Technol 90:21–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knoef HAM (2000) Inventory of biomass gasifier manufacturers and installations. Final Report to European Commission, Contract DIS/1734/98-NL. Biomass Technology Group B.V., University of Twente, Enschede. http://www.gasifiers.org/

  • Knoef H (2001–2003) Technology brief: fixed-bed gasification. Task 33: thermal gasification of biomass. IEA Bioenergy Agreement. http://media.godashboard.com/gti/IEA/FixedBedGasificationr.pdf

  • Kumar VA, Anil KV, Pant KK (1997) Potassium-containing calcium aluminate catalysts for pyrolysis of n-heptane. Appl Catal A Gen 162:193–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurkela E (2000) PROGAS – gasification and pyrolysis R&D programme 1997–1999. In: Proceedings conference on power production from biomass III, gasification & pyrolysis R&D&D. VTT, Espoo

    Google Scholar 

  • Lédé J (2003) Comparison of contact and radiant ablative pyrolysis of biomass. J Anal Appl Pyrol 70(2):601–618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Xiao B, Liang DT et al (2008) Development of Nano-NiO/Al2O3 catalyst to be used for tar removal in biomass gasification. Environ Sci Technol 42:6224–6229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu Q, Li W, Zhu X (2009a) Overview of fuel properties of biomass fast pyrolysis oils. Energy Convers Manag 50(5):1376–1383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu Q, Xiong W, Li W et al (2009b) Catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose with sulfated metal oxides: a promising method for obtaining high yield of light furan compounds. Bioresour Technol 100(20):4871–4876

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luke B, Marta M (2011) The immobilisation and retention of soluble arsenic, cadmium and zinc by biochar. Environ Pollut 159:474–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luke B, Eduardo MJ, Jose LGE (2010) Effects of biochar and greenwaste compost amendments on mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of inorganic and organic contaminants in a multi-element polluted soil. Environ Pollut 158:2282–2287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo Z, Wang S, Liao Y et al (2004) Research on biomass fast pyrolysis for liquid fuel. Biomass Bioenergy 26(5):455–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma L, Verelst H, Baron GV (2005) Integrated high temperature gas cleaning: tar removal in biomass gasification with a catalytic filter. Catal Today 105:729–734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miao X, Wu Q, Yang C (2004) Fast pyrolysis of microalgae to produce renewable fuels. J Anal Appl Pyrol 71(2):855–863

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miccio F (1999) Gasification of two biomass fuels in bubbling fluidized bed. In: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on fluidized bed combustion, Savannah, pp 16–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Milne T, Elam C, Evans R (2001) Hydrogen from biomass: state of the art and research challenges. NREL IEA/H2/TR-02/001

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohan D, Pittman C, Steele P (2006) Pyrolysis of wood/biomass for bio-oil: a critical review. Energy Fuels 20(3):848–889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen HP, Frandsen FJ, Dam-Johansen K et al (2000) The implications of chlorine-associated corrosion on the operation of biomass-fired boilers. Prog Energy Combust Sci 26:283–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura M, Iwasaki S, Horio M (2009) The role of potassium carbonate on cellulose pyrolysis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 40(6):630–637

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowakowski D, Jones J, Brydson R et al (2007) Potassium catalysis in the pyrolysis behaviour of short rotation willow coppice. Fuel 86:2389–2402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ong Y, Bhatia S (2010) The current status and perspectives of biofuel production via catalytic cracking of edible and non-edible oils. Energy 35(1):111–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paasen SVB, Rabou L (2004) Tar removal with wet ESP: parametric study. In: The second world conference and technology exhibition on biomass for energy, industry and climate Protection, Rome, pp 205–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Park H, Park Y, Kim J (2008) Influence of reaction conditions and the char separation system on the production of bio-oil from radiate pine sawdust by fast pyrolysis. Fuel Process Technol 89:797–802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peláez-Samaniego M, Garcia-Perez M, Cortez L et al (2008) Improvements of Brazilian carbonization industry as part of the creation of a global biomass economy. Renew Sust Energy Rev 12(4):1063–1086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson A, Vogel F, Lachance R et al (2008) Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: a review of sub- and supercritical water technologies. Energy Environ Sci 1:32–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rapagna S, Jand N, Kiennemann A et al (2000) Steam-gasification of biomass in a fluidised-bed of olivine particles. Biomass Bioenergy 19:187–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinhard R (2002) Biomass gasification to produce synthesis gas for fuel cells, liquid fuels and chemicals. Task 33: thermal gasification of biomass (2001–2003). IEA Bioenergy Agreement. http://media.godashboard.com/gti/IEA/TechnologybriefSynthesisGas.pdf

  • Sami M, Annamalai K, Wooldridge M (2001) Co-firing of coal and biomass fuel blends. Prog Energy Combust Sci 27:171–214

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Shimada N, Kawamoto H, Saka S (2008) Different action of alkali/alkaline earth metal chlorides on cellulose pyrolysis. J Anal Appl Pyrol 81(1):80–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song YJ, Gong J (2010) Effects of biochar application on soil ecosystem functions. Ludong Univ J Nat Sci Ed 26(4):361–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahl K, Neergaard M, Nieminen J (2001) Final report: Varnamo demonstration programme. In: Bridgwater AV (ed) Progress in thermochemical biomass conversion. Blackwell Science, London, pp 549–563

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tamunaidu P, Bhatia S (2007) Catalytic cracking of palm oil for the production of biofuels: optimization studies. Bioresour Technol 98(18):3593–3601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tillman DA (2000) Biomass cofiring: the technology, the experience, the combustion consequences. Biomass Bioenergy 19:365–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomishige K, Asadullah M, Kunimori K (2005) Novel catalyst with high resistance to sulfur for hot gas cleaning at low temperature by partial oxidation of tar derived from biomass. Catal Commun 6:37–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uzun B, Pütün A, Pütün E (2007) Composition of products obtained via fast pyrolysis of olive-oil residue: effect of pyrolysis temperature. J Anal Appl Pyrol 79:147–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van den Broek R, Faaij A, van Wijk A (1995) Biomass combustion power generation technologies [R]. Energy from biomass: an assessment of two promising systems for energy production. http://www.projects.science.uu.nl/nws/publica/95029.htm

  • van Loo S (2004) Biomass combustion and cofiring [R]. Task 32, IEA Bioenergy

    Google Scholar 

  • van Loo S, Koppejan J (2008) Handbook of biomass combustion and co-firing [M]. Earthscan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Van RR, Oudhuis ABJ, Faaij A (1995) Modelling of a biomass-integrated-gasifier/combined-cycle (BIG-CC) system with the flowsheet simulation program Aspen-plus. Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN, Petten

    Google Scholar 

  • Venderbosch RH, Prins W (1998) Entrained flow gasification of bio-oil for synthesis gas. BTG Biomass Technology Group b.v. University of Twente

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagenaar BM, Prins W, van Swaaij WPM (1994) Pyrolysis of biomass in the rotating cone reactor: modeling and experimental justification. Chem Eng Sci 49(24):5109–5126

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Waldheim L, Morris M, Leal M et al (2001) Biomass power generation: sugar cane bagasse and trash. In: Bridgwater AV (ed) Progress in thermochemical biomass conversion. Blackwell Science, London, pp 509–523

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Zhang M, Chen M et al (2006) Catalytic effects of six inorganic compounds on pyrolysis of three kinds of biomass. Thermochim Acta 444:110–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang LJ, Weller CL, Jones DD et al (2008) Contemporary issues in thermal gasification of biomass and its application to electricity and fuel production. Biomass Bioenergy 32:573–581

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang M, Leitch M, Xu C (2009a) Synthesis of phenolic resol resins using cornstalk-derived bio-oil produced by direct liquefaction in hot-compressed phenol-water. J Ind Eng Chem 15(6):870–875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang M, Leitch M, Xu C (2009b) Synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde resol resins using organosolv pine lignins. Eur Polym J 45(12):3380–3388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werther J, Saenger M, Hartge EU et al (2000) Combustion of agricultural residues. Prog Energy Combust Sci 26:1–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu J, Jiang J, Sun Y et al (2008) Bio-oil upgrading by means of ethyl ester production in reactive distillation to remove water and to improve storage and fuel characteristics. Biomass Bioenergy 32(11):1056–1061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin CG, Lasse AR, Søren KK (2008) Grate-firing of biomass for heat and power production. Prog Energy Combust Sci 34:725–754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu CJ, Qin JG, Xu J et al (2010) Straw combustion in circulating fluidized bed at low temperature: transformation and distribution of potassium. Can J Chem Eng 88:875–880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan JH, Xu RK (2010) Effects of rice-hull-based biochar regulating acidity of red sail and yellow brown soil. J Ecol Rural Environ 26(5):472–476

    Google Scholar 

  • Zainal ZA, Rifau A, Quadir GA et al (2002) Experimental investigation of a downdraft biomass gasifier. Biomass Bioenergy 23:283–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XD (2003) The mechanism of tar cracking by catalyst and the gasification of biomass. The dissertation of Zhejiang University

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Chang J, Wang T et al (2007) Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research. Energy Convers Manag 48(1):87–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang WL, Li GH, Gao WD (2009) Effect of biomass charcoal on soil character and crop yield. Chin Agric Sci Bull 25(17):153–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao H (2007) PHD thesis in experimental and theoretical research on entrained flow gasification of biomass for syn-gas, Zhejiang University

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao M, Florin N, Harris A (2009) The influence of supported Ni catalysts on the product gas distribution and H2 yield during cellulose pyrolysis. Appl Catal B 92:185–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng J (2007) Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of rice husk: yields and related properties and improvement of the pyrolysis system. J Anal Appl Pyrol 80(1):30–35

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng J, Yi W, Wang N (2008) Bio-oil production from cotton stalk. Energy Convers Manag 49(6):1724–1730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu XF, Lu Q (2010) In: Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba (ed) Production of chemicals from selective fast pyrolysis of biomass, biomass. Sciyo. ISBN: 978-953-307-113-8

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Zhongyang Luo & Jingsong Zhou

Authors
  1. Zhongyang Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jingsong Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhongyang Luo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Mississippi Dept. Chemical Engineering, University, Mississippi, USA

    Wei-Yin Chen

  2. Advanced Manufacturing Research Inst. Functional Assembly Technology Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Nagoya, Japan

    Toshio Suzuki

  3. und Technische Biowissenschaften, TU Wien Inst. Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik, Wien, Austria

    Maximilian Lackner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Cite this entry

Luo, Z., Zhou, J. (2015). Thermal Conversion of Biomass. In: Chen, WY., Suzuki, T., Lackner, M. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_27-2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_27-2

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6431-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Chapter history

  1. Latest

    Thermal Conversion of Biomass
    Published:
    26 August 2021

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_27-3

  2. Original

    Thermal Conversion of Biomass
    Published:
    06 May 2015

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_27-2

Search

Navigation