Skip to main content

Body Stalk Anomaly

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Atlas of Genetic Diagnosis and Counseling
  • 191 Accesses

Abstract

Body stalk anomaly, sometimes also called limb body wall complex, is a rare abdominal wall defect due to failure of the development of the body stalk. Prevalence is estimated to be 0.32 per 10,000 births.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Becker, R., Runkel, S., & Entezami, M. (2000). Prenatal diagnosis of body stalk anomaly at 9 weeks of gestation. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 15, 301–303.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cantrell, J. R., Haller, J. A., & Ravith, M. M. (1958). A syndrome of congenital defects involving the abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium, and heart. Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, 107, 602–607.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, Y., Silverman, N., Jackson, L., et al. (2000). Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 16 and body stalk anomaly. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 94, 284–286.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craven, C. M., Carey, J. C., & Ward, K. (1997). Umbilical cord agenesis in limb body wall defect. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 71, 97–105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daskalakis, G. J., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2002). Monozygotic twins discordant for body stalk anomaly. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 20, 79–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daskalakis, J. G., Sebire, N. J., Jurkovic, D., et al. (1997). Body stalk anomaly at 10–14 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 10, 416–418.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Silva, M. V., Senanayake, H., & Siriwardana, K. D. (2001). Body stalk anomaly. The Ceylon Medical Journal, 46, 68.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giacoia, G. P. (1992). Body stalk anomaly: Congenital absence of the umbilical cord. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 80, 527–529.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ginsberg, N. E., Cadkin, A., & Strom, C. (1997). Prenatal diagnosis of body stalk anomaly in the first trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 10, 419–421.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, I., Winn, H. N., & Hobbins, J. C. (1989). Prenatal diagnostic criteria for body stalk anomaly. American Journal of Perinatology, 6, 84–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiett, A. K., Devoe, L. D., Falls, D. G., et al. (1992). Ultrasound diagnosis of a twin gestation with concordant body stalk anomaly: A case report. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 37, 944–946.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jauniaux, E., Vyas, S., Finlayson, C., et al. (1990). Early sonographic diagnosis of body stalk anomaly. Prenatal Diagnosis, 10, 127–132.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kocherla, K., Kumari, V., & Kocherla, P. R. (2015). Prenatal diagnosis of body stalk complex: A rare entity and review of literature. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, 25, 67–70.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lockwood, C., Scission, A., & Hobbins, J. (1986). Congenital absence of the umbilical cord resulting from maldevelopment of embryonic body folding. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 155, 1049–1051.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mandrekar, S. R. S., Amoncar, S., Banaulikar, S., et al. (2014). Omphalocele, exstrophy of cloaca, imperforate anus and spinal defect (OEIS Complex) with overlapping features of body stalk anomaly (limb body wall complex). Indian Journal of Human Genetics, 20, 195–198.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, J. M., Fortuny, A., Comas, C., et al. (1994). Body stalk anomaly associated with maternal cocaine abuse. Prenatal Diagnosis, 14, 669–672.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martínez-Frías, M. L., Bermejo, E., & Rodríguez-Pinilla, E. (2000). Body stalk defects, body wall defects, amniotic bands with and without body wall defects, and gastroschisis: Comparative epidemiology. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 92, 13–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, C., Zosmer, N., Jurkovic, D., et al. (2001). A case of body stalk anomaly at 10 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 17, 157–159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rovida, P. L., Prefumo, F., Frusca, T., et al. (2014). Concordant body stalk anomaly in a monoamniotic twin pregnancy at 9 weeks. Prenatal Diagnosis, 34, 915–916.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shalev, E., Eliyahu, S., Battino, S., et al. (1995). First trimester transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of body stalk anatomy. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 14, 641–642.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shibata, Y., Terada, K., Igarashi, M., et al. (2014). Body stalk anomaly complicated by ectopia cordis in the first trimester. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 8, OD06–OD07.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shih, J. C., Shyu, M. K., Hwa, S. L., et al. (1996). Concordant body stalk anomaly in monozygotic twinning-early embryo cleavage disorder. Prenatal Diagnosis, 16, 467–470.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smrcek, J. M., Germer, U., Krokowski, M., et al. (2003). Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and management of body stalk anomaly: Analysis of nine singleton and two multiple pregnancies. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 21, 322–328.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi, K., Fujita, I., Nakajima, K., et al. (1995). Body stalk anomaly: Prenatal diagnosis. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 51, 49–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Allen, M., Curry, C., & Gallagher, I. (1987). Limb body wall complex. I. Pathogenesis. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 28, 529–548.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harold Chen .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Cite this entry

Chen, H. (2016). Body Stalk Anomaly. In: Atlas of Genetic Diagnosis and Counseling. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6430-3_27-2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6430-3_27-2

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6430-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics