Introduction
The foregut is comprised of the mouth, esophagus, and first two proximal portions of the duodenum leading to the bile duct (Fig. 1). The accessory organs regarded as being part of the functional unit of the foregut include the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The study of the foregut microbiome (with perhaps the exception of the oral cavity) has been greatly overshadowed by the study of the microbiome represented in feces. This has been due to past assumptions regarding the sterility and/or lack of diversity within the foregut, as well as the difficult and invasive nature of collecting foregut samples, which involves endoscopic probing.
The human foregut
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Nossa, C.W., Yang, L., Pei, Z. (2013). Microbiome, Foregut. In: Nelson, K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Metagenomics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6418-1_83-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6418-1_83-5
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