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AC Machines: Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Induction Machines

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Transportation Technologies for Sustainability

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Definition of the Subject

Electrical machines can be viewed as electromechanical energy converters where at least two magnetic fields interact with each other to produce torque. There are different types of electrical machines including: brushed DC machine s, brushless DC machine s, permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) , AC induction machines (IM) , switched reluctance machines (SRM), and etc.

In 1886, the first practical DC motor was invented by Frank Julian Sprague. It was a motor capable of constant speed under variable loads. Brushes were used inevitably for this family of electric machinery which played a dominant role for a good part of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century.

In 1882, Nikola Tesla discovered the rotating magnetic field and pioneered the use of a rotary field of force to operate machines. Later on, he suggested that the commutators could be removed from a machine, and the device could operate on a rotary field of force. In 1888,...

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Abbreviations

Permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM):

PMSM is an electromechanical energy conversion device that forms as an important category of electric machines. This machine comprises an AC stator and a brushless rotor that houses permanent magnet. Since the frequency of the excitation in the stator winding is proportional to the mechanical speed of the rotor, this family of machines is called “synchronous.” PMSM is being considered for variety of applications including electric propulsion of modern vehicles.

Surface-mounted PMSM (SM-PMSM):

A type of PMSM where permanent magnets are placed on the surface of the rotor, making it easy to build, and skewed poles are easily magnetized on this surface-mounted type to minimize cogging torque.

Interior permanent magnet (IPM):

A type of PMSM where, unlike SM-PMSM, permanent magnets are mounted such that a magnetic saliency is established.

Induction machine (IM):

A type of electrical machines that operates based on the principle of induction. While stator is formed by a multiphase AC winding, the rotor houses is (a) a series of short-circuited bars in the form of a squirrel cage or (b) a multiphase AC winding. The latter rotor form will allow for external injection of the current. In this family of electric machines, speed of the rotor is not an integer multiple of the stator frequency, and as such, they are named asynchronous machines.

Permanent magnet material:

Permanent magnet used in PMSM is a piece of magnetic material which, once magnetized or “charged” by an external magnetic field, retains a usefully large magnetic moment after the magnetizing force is removed. Thus, a permanent magnet becomes a source of magnetic field in the rotor.

Field-oriented control:

Field-oriented control was introduced in the beginning of 1970s. It demonstrated that an induction motor or synchronous motor could be controlled similar to that of a separately excited DC motor by the orientation of the stator mmf or current vector in relation to the rotor flux to achieve a fast dynamic response in the electromagnetic torque.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Dr. A. H. Ranjbar

  2. University of Texas, 416 Yates St, 76019, Arlington, TX, USA

    Dr. Babak Fahimi

Authors
  1. Dr. A. H. Ranjbar
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  2. Dr. Babak Fahimi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Babak Fahimi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Mehrdad Ehsani

  2. Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Fei-Yue Wang

  3. Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Gary L. Brosch

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Ranjbar, A.H., Fahimi, B. (2013). AC Machines: Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Induction Machines. In: Ehsani, M., Wang, FY., Brosch, G.L. (eds) Transportation Technologies for Sustainability. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5844-9_870

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