Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Domoic Acid as a Neurotoxin

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Neurotoxicity

Abstract

Domoic acid (DOM) is a naturally occurring excitatory amino acid with structural similarity, and similar but not identical pharmacological profile, to kainic acid. DOM is most commonly associated with toxic blooms of marine phytoplankton resulting in contamination of shellfish as well as other species. This brief review summarizes the known toxicological properties of DOM both in vitro and in vivo in a variety of model systems. This chapter also summarizes information on clinical cases of intoxication in both wildlife and humans, as well as highlighting the growing evidence that DOM is a potent neurodevelopmental toxin with relevance to both food safety issues and the etiology of neurological diseases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams, A. L., Doucette, T. A., & Ryan, C. L. (2008). Altered pre-pulse inhibition in adult rats treated neonatally with domoic acid. Amino Acids, 35, 157–160.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ananth, C., Dheen, S. T., Gopalakrishnakone, P., & Kaur, C. (2001). Domoic acid-induced neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus: Changes in apoptosis related genes (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3) and microglial response. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 66, 177–190.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, S. S., & Horner, R. A. (1998). Bloom dynamics and physiology of domoic-acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia species. In D. M. Anderson, A. D. Cembella, & G. M. Hallegraeff (Eds.), Physiological ecology of harmful algal blooms (pp. 267–292). Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, S. S., & Trainer, V. L. (2006). The ecology of harmful diatoms. In E. Granéli & J. Turner (Eds.), Ecology of harmful algae (Ecological studies, Vol. 189, pp. 81–93). Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beani, L., Bianchi, C., Guerrini, F., Marani, L., Pistocchi, R., Tomasini, M. C., Ceredi, A., Milandri, A., Poletti, R., & Boni, L. (2000). High sensitivity bioassay of paralytic (PSP) and amnesic (ASP) algal toxins based on the fluorimetric detection of [Ca(2+)](i) in rat cortical primary cultures. Toxicon, 38, 1283–1297.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berman, F. W., & Murray, T. F. (1996). Characterization of glutamate toxicity in cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons at reduced temperature. Journal of Biochemical Toxicology, 11, 111–119.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berman, F. W., & Murray, T. F. (1997). Domoic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors that are activated as a consequence of excitatory amino acid release. Journal of Neurochemistry, 69, 693–703.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berman, F. W., LePage, K. T., & Murray, T. F. (2002). Domoic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is controlled preferentially by the NMDA receptor Ca(2+) influx pathway. Brain Research, 924, 20–29.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, P. B., Macdonald, D. S., Gill, D. A., Ryan, C. L., & Tasker, R. A. (2007). Hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting and elevated trkB receptor expression following systemic administration of low dose domoic acid during neonatal development. Hippocampus, 17, 1121–1133.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bose, R., Pinsky, C., & Glavin, G. B. (1990). Sensitive murine model and putative antidotes for behavioral toxicosis from contaminated mussel extracts. Canada Diseases Weekly Report, 16(SIE), 91–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canete, E., & Diogene, J. (2008). Comparative study of the use of neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a) and neuroblastomaxglioma hybrid cells (NG108-15) for the toxic effect quantification of marine toxins. Toxicon, 52, 541–550.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cendes, F., Andermann, F., Carpenter, S., Zatorre, R. J., & Cashman, N. R. (1995). Temporal lobe epilepsy caused by domoic acid intoxication: Evidence for glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in humans. Annals of Neurology, 37, 123–126.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ch’ng, M. M., Leighfield, T. A., Busman, M. A., Gulland, F., Matassa, K., Chechowitz, M., Rowles, T., & Van Dolah, F. M. (2002). Involvement of domoic acid in marine mammal morbidities and mortalities on the west coast of the U.S. during the year 2000. Report to the Working Group on Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Events.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, E. C., Peng, Y.-G., & Ramsdell, J. S. (1999). Working memory deficits induced by single but not repeated exposures to domoic acid. Toxicon, 37, 1025–1039.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clements, J. D., Feltz, A., Sahara, Y., & Westbrook, G. L. (1998). Activation kinetics of AMPA receptor channels reveal the number of functional agonist binding sites. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 119–127.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Costa, L. G., Giordan, G., & Faustman, E. M. (2010). Domoic acid as a developmental neurotoxin. Neurotoxicology, 31, 409–423.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cunha, R. A., Constantino, M. D., & Ribeiro, J. A. (1997). Inhibition of [3H]γ-aminobutyric acid release by kainate receptor activation in rat hippocampal synaptosomes. European Journal of Pharmacology, 323, 167–172.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dakshimamurti, K., Sharma, S. K., Sundaram, M., & Wantanabe, T. (1993). Hippocampal changes in developing postnatal mice following intrauterine exposure to domoic acid. Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 4486–4495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Trelles, R., Novelli, A., & Fernandez-Sanchez, M. T. (2003). RNA synthesis-dependent potentiation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor-mediated toxicity by antihistamine terfenadine in cultured rat cerebellar neurons. Neuroscience Letters, 345, 136–140.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dobbing, J., & Smart, J. L. (1974). Vulnerability of developing brain and behaviour. British Medical Bulletin, 30, 164–168.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doucette, T. A., & Tasker, R. A. (2008). Domoic acid: Detection methods, pharmacology and toxicology. In L. M. Botano (Ed.), Seafood and freshwater toxins: Pharmacology, physiology and detection (pp. 397–430). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doucette, T. A., Strain, S. M., Allen, G. V., Ryan, C. L., & Tasker, R. A. R. (2000). Comparative behavioural toxicity of domoic acid and kainic acid in neonatal rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 22, 863–869.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doucette, T. A., Bernard, P. B., Yuill, P. C., Tasker, R. A., & Ryan, C. L. (2003). Low doses of non-NMDA glutamate receptor agonists alter neurobehavioural development in the rat. Neurotoxicology & Teratology, 25, 473–479.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doucette, T. A., Bernard, P. B., Husum, H., Perry, M. A., Ryan, C. L., & Tasker, R. A. (2004). Low doses of domoic acid during postnatal development produce permanent changes in rat behaviour and hippocampal morphology. Neurotoxicity Research, 6, 555–563.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duran, R., Reis, R. A., Almeida, O. M., de-Mello, M. C., & de-Mello, F. G. (1995). Domoic acid induces neurotoxicity and ip3 mobilization in cultured cells of embryonic chick retina. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 28, 100–107.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erin, N., & Billingsley, M. L. (2004). Domoic acid enhances Bcl-2-calcineurin-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor interactions and delayed neuronal death in rat brain slices. Brain Research, 1014, 45–52.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Sanchez, M. T., & Novelli, A. (1993). Basic fibroblast growth factor protects cerebellar neurons in primary culture from NMDA and non-NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity. FEBS Letters, 335, 124–131.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita, T., Tanaka, T., Yonemasu, Y., Cendes, F., Cashman, N. R., & Andermann, F. (1996). Electroclinical and pathological studies after parenteral administration of domoic acid in freely moving nonanesthetized rats: An animal model of excitotoxicity. Journal of Epilepsy, 9, 87–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, S. S., Hou, Y., Ghane, T., & Pulido, O. M. (2008). Regional susceptibility to domoic acid in primary astrocyte cells cultured from the brain stem and hippocampus. Marine Drugs, 6, 25–38.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, D. A., Bastlund, J. F., Anderson, N. J., & Tasker, R. A. (2009). Reductions in paradoxical sleep time in adult rats treated neonatally with low dose domoic acid. Behavioural Brain Research, 205, 564–567.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, D. A., Bastlund, J. F., Watson, W. P., Ryan, C. L., Reynolds, D. S., & Tasker, R. A. (2010a). Neonatal exposure to low-dose domoic acid lowers seizure threshold in adult rats. Neuroscience, 169, 1789–1799.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, D. A., Ramsay, S. L., & Tasker, R. A. (2010b). Selective reductions in subpopulations of GABAergic neurons in a developmental rat model of epilepsy. Brain Research, 1331, 114–123.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, D. A., Perry, M. A., McGuire, E. P., Pérez-Gómez, A., & Tasker, R. A. (2012). Low-dose neonatal domoic acid causes persistent changes in behavioural and molecular indicators of stress response in rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 230, 409–417.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano, G., White, C. C., McConnachie, L. A., Fernandez, C., Kavanagh, T. J., & Costa, L. G. (2006). Neurotoxicity of domoic acid in cerebellar granule neurons in a genetic model of glutathione deficiency. Molecular Pharmacology, 70, 2116–2126.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano, G., White, C. C., Mohar, I., Kavanagh, T. J., & Costa, L. G. (2007). Glutathione levels modulate domoic acid induced apoptosis in mouse cerebellar granule cells. Toxicological Sciences, 100, 433–444.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano, G., Klintworth, H. M., Kavanaugh, T. J., & Costa, L. G. (2008). Apoptosis induced by domoic acid in mouse cerebellar granule neurons involves activation of p38 and JNK MAP kinases. Neurochemistry International, 52, 1100–1105.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano, G., Li, L., White, C. C., Farin, F. M., Wilkerson, H. W., Kavanagh, T. J., & Costa, L. G. (2009). Muscarinic receptors prevent oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis induced by domoic acid in mouse cerebellar granule cells. Journal of Neurochemistry, 109, 525–538.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gjedde, A., & Evens, A. C. (1990). PET studies of domoic acid poisoning in humans: Excitotoxic destruction of brain glutamatergic pathways, revealed in measurements of glucose metabolism by positron emission tomography. Canada Diseases Weekly Report, 16(Suppl. 1E), 105–109.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glavin, G., Pinsky, C., & Bose, R. (1989). Toxicology of mussels contaminated by neuroexcitant domoic acid. Lancet, 1(8636), 506–507.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glavin, G. B., Pinsky, C., & Bose, R. (1990). Domoic acid-induced neurovisceral toxic syndrome: Characterization of an animal model and putative antidotes. Brain Research Bulletin, 24, 701–703.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, T., Mazet, J. A., Zabka, T. S., Langlois, G., Colegrove, K. M., Silver, M., Bargu, S., Van Dolah, F., Leighfield, T., Conrad, P. A., Barakos, J., Williams, D. C., Dennison, S., Haulena, M., & Gulland, F. M. (2008). Novel symptomatology and changing epidemiology of domoic acid toxicosis in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): An increasing risk to marine mammal health. Proceeding of the Biological Society, 275, 267–276.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gressens, P., Spedding, M., Gigler, G., Kertesz, S., Villa, P., Medja, F., Williamson, T., Kapus, G., Levay, G., Szenasi, G., Barkoczy, J., & Harsing, L. G., Jr. (2005). The effects of AMPA receptor antagonists in models of stroke and neurodegeneration. European Journal of Pharmacology, 519, 58–67.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grimmelt, B., Nijjar, M. S., Brown, J., MacNair, N., Wagner, S., Johnson, G. R., & Amend, J. F. (1990). Relationship between domoic acid levels in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and toxicity in mice. Toxicon, 28, 501–508.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gruol, D. L., Parsons, K. L., & DiJulio, N. (1997). Acute ethanol alters calcium signals elicited by glutamate receptor agonists and K+ depolarization in cultured cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Brain Research, 773, 82–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulland, F. M. D., Haulena, M., Fauquier, D., Langlois, G., Lander, M. E., Zabka, T., & Duerr, R. (2002). Domoic acid toxicity in Californian sea lions (Zalophus californianus): Clinical signs, treatment and survival. The Veterinary Record, 150, 475–480.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, D. R., & Manalo, J. L. (1998). The activation of glutamate receptors by kainic acid and domoic acid. Natural Toxins, 6, 153–158.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, D. R., Huang, X., Wells, J. W., Walter, J. A., & Wright, J. L. C. (1992). Interaction of domoic acid and several derivatives with kainic acid and AMPA binding sites in rat brain. European Journal of Pharmacology, 218, 1–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hogberg, H. T., & Bal-Price, A. K. (2011). Domoic acid-induced neurotoxicity Is mainly mediated by the AMPA/KA receptor: Comparison between immature and mature primary cultures of neurons and glial cells from rat cerebellum. Journal of Toxicology, 2011, 543512.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hogberg, H. T., Sobanski, T., Novellino, A., Whelan, M., Weiss, D. G., & Bal-Price, A. K. (2011). Application of micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) as an emerging technology for developmental neurotoxicity: Evaluation of domoic acid-induced effects in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. Neurotoxicology, 32, 158–168.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iverson, F., Truelove, J., Nera, E., Tryphonas, L., Campbell, J., & Lok, E. (1989). Domoic acid poisoning and mussel-associated intoxication: Preliminary investigations into the response of mice and rats to toxic mussel extract. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 27, 377–384.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iverson, F., Truelove, J., Tryphonas, L., & Nera, E. A. (1990). The toxicology of domoic acid administered systematically to rodents and primates. Canada Diseases Weekly Report, 16(Suppl. 1E), 15–19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jakobsen, B., Tasker, A., & Zimmer, J. (2002). Domoic acid neurotoxicity in hippocampal slice cultures. Amino Acids, 23, 37–44.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffery, B., Barlow, T., Moizer, K., Paul, S., & Boyle, C. (2004). Amnesic shellfish poison. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 42, 545–557.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, J. B., Schousboe, A., & Pickering, D. S. (1999). Role of desensitization and subunit expression for kainate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity in murine neocortical cultures. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 55, 208–217.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, D. J., Williams, D. J., & MacDermott, A. B. (2011). Modulation of neurite outgrowth by activation of calcium-permeable kainate receptors expressed by rat nociceptive-like dorsal root ganglion neurons. Developmental Neurobiology, 71, 818–835.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Konig, N., Serrano, P., & Drian, M. J. (1994). AMPA elicits long-lasting, partly hypothermia-sensitive calcium responses in acutely dissociated or cultured embryonic brainstem cells. Neurochemistry International, 24, 459–471.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larm, J. A., Beart, P. M., & Cheung, N. S. (1997). Neurotoxin domoic acid produces cytotoxicity via kainate- and AMPA-sensitive receptors in cultured cortical neurones. Neurochemistry International, 31, 677–682.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, K. A., & Robertson, A. (2010). Domoic acid and human exposure risks: A review. Toxicon, 56, 218–230.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, K. A., Powell, C. L., Busman, M., Doucette, G. J., Moeller, P. D. R., Silver, J. B., Miller, P. E., Hughes, M. P., Singaram, S., Silver, M. W., & Tjeerdema, R. S. (1999). Detection of domoic acid in Northern anchovies and California sea lions associated with an unusual mortality event. Natural Toxins, 7(3), 85–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, K., Powell, C., Doucette, G., Silver, J., Miller, P., Hughes, P., Silver, M., & Tjeerdema, R. (2000). Domoic acid-producing diatoms: Probable cause of neuroexcitotoxicity in California sea lions. Marine Environmental Research, 50, 485–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, K. A., Dovel, S. L., & Silver, M. W. (2001). Tissue distribution and neurotoxic effects of domoic acid in a prominent vector species, the Northern anchovy Engraulis mordax. Marine Biology, 138, 693–700.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, K. A., Bargu, S., Kieckhefer, T., & Silver, M. S. (2002). From sandabs to blue whales: The pervasiveness of domoic acid. Toxicon, 40, 971–977.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, D. S., Lyon, R. C., McGregor, G. N., Engelhardt, R. T., Schmued, L. C., Johnson, G. A., & Johannessen, J. N. (1999). 3-dimensional visualization of lesions in rat brain using magnetic resonance imaging microscopy. Neuroreport, 10, 737–741.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, L. L., Li, L., Chen, D., & Liu, Y. S. (2008). Effects of domoic acid on membrane function of primary cultured rat glial cells. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi, 26, 725–728.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maeda, M., Kodama, T., Tanaka, T., Yoshizumi, H., Takemoto, T., Nomoto, K., & Fujita, T. (1986). Structures of isodomoic acids A, B and C, novel insecticidal amino acids from the red alga Chondria armata. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34, 4892–4895.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marriott, A. L., Ryan, C. L., & Doucette, T. A. (2012). Neonatal domoic acid treatment produces alterations to prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition in adult rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 103, 338–344.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maucher, J. M., & Ramsdell, J. S. (2007). Maternal-fetal transfer of domoic acid in rats at two gestational time points. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115, 1743–1746.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maucher-Fuquay, J., Muha, N., Wang, Z., & Ramsdell, J. S. (2012). Toxicokinetics of domoic acid in the fetal rat. Toxicology, 294, 36–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, A. M. (2000). The marine toxin domoic acid may affect the developing brain by activation of neonatal brain microglia and subsequent neurotoxic mediator generation. Medical Hypotheses, 54, 837–841.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, A. M., Hall, M., Fay, M. J., Lamar, P., Pearson, C., Prozialeck, W. C., Lehmann, V. K., Jacobson, P. B., Romanic, A. M., Uz, T. & Manev, H. (2001). Effect of a short-term in vitro exposure to the marine toxin domoic acid on viability, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and superoxide anion release by rat neonatal microglia. BMC Pharmacology, 1, 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, A. M., Guzman, M., Peksa, R., Hall, M., Fay, M. J., Jacobson, P. B., Romanic, A. M., & Gunasekera, S. P. (2007). Differential effects of domoic acid and E. coli lipopolysaccharide on tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 release by rat neonatal microglia: Evaluation of the direct activation hypothesis. Marine Drugs, 5, 113–135.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Munday, R., Holland, P. T., McNabb, P., Selwood, A. I., & Rhodes, L. L. (2008). Comparative toxicity to mice of domoic acid and isodomoic acids A, B and C. Toxicon, 52, 954–956.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakajima, S., & Potvin, J. L. (1992). Neural and behavioural effects of domoic acid, an amnesic shellfish toxin, in the rat. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 46, 569–581.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nduaka, C. I., Taylor, R. E., Green, S., Flynn, T., Sathyamoorthy, V. V., Sprando, R. L., & Johannessen, J. N. (1999). Glutamate release from chick retina explants in response to domoic acid. In Vitro & Molecular Toxicology, 12, 173–182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novelli, A., Kispert, J., Fernandez-Sanchez, M. T., Torreblanca, A., & Zitko, V. (1992). Domoic acid-containing toxic mussels produce neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures through a synergism between excitatory amino acids. Brain Research, 577, 41–48.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, Y. G., Clayton, E. C., & Ramsdell, J. S. (1997). Repeated independent exposures to domoic acid do not enhance symptomatic toxicity in outbred or seizure-sensitive inbred mice. Toxicological Sciences, 40, 63–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Gómez, A., & Tasker, R. A. (2012). Enhanced neurogenesis in organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus after transient subfield-selective excitotoxic insult induced by domoic acid. Neuroscience, 208, 97–108.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Gómez, A., Novelli, A., & Fernandez-Sanchez, M. T. (2010). Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor palytoxin enhances vulnerability of cultured cerebellar neurons to domoic acid via sodium-dependent mechanisms. Journal of Neurochemistry, 114, 28–38.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perl, T. M., Bédard, L., Kosatsky, T., Hockin, J. C., Todd, E. C. D., & Remis, R. S. (1990). An outbreak of toxic encephalopathy caused by eating mussels contaminated with domoic acid. The New England Journal of Medicine, 322, 1775–1780.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petrie, B. F., Pinsky, C., Standish, N. M., Bose, R., & Glavin, G. B. (1992). Parenteral domoic acid impairs spatial learning in mice. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 41, 211–214.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Preston, E., & Hynie, I. (1991). Transfer constants for blood–brain barrier permeation of the neuroexcitatory shellfish toxin, domoic acid. Canadian Journal of Neurological, 18, 39–44.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pulido, O. M. (2008). Domoic acid toxicologic pathology: A review. Marine Drugs, 6, 180–219.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu, S., Pak, C. W., & Curras-Collazo, M. C. (2006). Sequential involvement of distinct glutamate receptors in domoic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rat mixed cortical cultures: Effect of multiple dose/duration paradigms, chronological age, and repeated exposure. Toxicological Sciences, 89, 243–256.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quilliam, M. A. (2003). Chemical methods for domoic acid, the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin. In G. M. Hallegraeff, D. M. Anderson, & A. D. Cembella (Eds.), Manual on harmful marine microalgae (Vol. 11). Paris: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO). Chpt 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raman, M., Chen, W., & Cobb, M. H. (2007). Differential regulation and properties of MAPKs. Oncogene, 26, 3100–3112.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsdell, J. S., & Zabka, T. S. (2008). In utero domoic acid toxicity: A fetal basis to adult disease in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Marine Drugs, 6, 262–290.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriquez-Moreno, A., Lopez-Garcia, J., & Lerma, J. (2000). Two populations of kainate receptors with separate signaling mechanisms in hippocampal interneurons. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, 97, 1293–1298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, I. A., Johnson, W., Sapienza, P. P., & Kim, C. S. (2000). Effects of the seafood toxin domoic acid on glutamate uptake by rat astrocytes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 38, 1005–1111.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roy, M., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2003). The neuroprotective effects of virally-derived caspase inhibitors p35 and crmA following a necrotic insult. Neurobiology of Disease, 14, 1–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawant, P. M., Weare, B. A., Holland, P. T., Selwood, A. I., King, K. L., Mikulski, C. M., Doucette, G. J., Mountfort, D. O., & Kerr, D. S. (2007). Isodomoic acids A and C exhibit low KA receptor affinity and reduced in vitro potency relative to domoic acid in region CA1 of rat hippocampus. Toxicon, 50, 627–638.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawant, P. M., Holland, P. T., Mountfort, D. O., & Kerr, D. S. (2008). In vivo seizure induction and pharmacological preconditioning by domoic acid and isodomoic acids A, B and C. Neuropharmacology, 55, 1412–1418.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawant, P. M., Tyndall, J. D. A., Holland, P. T., Peake, B. M., Mountfort, D. O., & Kerr, D. S. (2010). In vivo seizure induction and affinity studies of domoic acid and isodomoic acids D, E and F. Neuropharmacology, 59, 129–138.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scallet, A. C., Binienda, Z., Caputo, F. A., Hall, S., Paule, M. G., Roundtree, R. L., Schmued, L., Sobotka, T., & Slikker, W., Jr. (1993). Domoic acid-treated cynomolgus monkeys (M. fascicularis): Effects of dose on hippocampal neuronal and terminal degeneration. Brain Research, 627, 307–313.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scallet, A. C., Kowalke, P. K., Rountree, R. L., Thorn, B. T., & Binienda, Z. K. (2004). Electroencephalographic, behavioral, and c-fos responses to acute domoic acid exposure. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 26, 331–342.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmued, L. C., Scallet, A. C., & Slikker, W., Jr. (1995). Domoic acid-induced neuronal degeneration in the primate forebrain revealed by degeneration specific histochemistry. Brain Research, 695, 64–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scholin, C. A., Gulland, F., Doucette, G. J., Benson, S., Busman, M., Chavez, F. P., Cordaro, J., DeLong, R., De Vogelaere, A., Harvey, J., Haulena, M., Lefebvre, K., Lipscomb, T., Loscutoff, S., Lowenstine, L. J., Marin, R., Miller, P. E., McLellan, W. A., Moeller, P. D. R., Powell, C. L., Rowles, T., Silvagni, P., Silver, M., Spraker, T., Trainer, V., & Van Dolah, F. M. (2000). Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom. Nature, 403, 80–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silvagni, P. A., Lowenstine, L. J., Spraker, T., Lipscomb, T. P., & Gulland, F. M. (2005). Pathology of domoic acid toxicity in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Veterinary Pathology, 42, 184–191.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slikker, W., Jr., Scallet, A. C., & Gaylor, D. W. (1998). Biologically-based dose–response model for neurotoxicity risk assessment. Toxicology Letters, 102/103, 429–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobotka, T. J., Brown, R., Quander, D. Y., Jackson, R., Smith, M., Long, S. A., Barton, C. N., Rountree, R. L., Hall, S., Eilers, P., Johannessen, J. N., & Scallet, A. C. (1996). Domoic acid: Neurobehavioral and neurohistological effects of low-dose exposure in adult rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 18, 659–670.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, I. (2010). Environmental risk factors for temporal lobe epilepsy – is prenatal exposure to the marine algal neurotoxin domoic acid a potentially preventable cause? Medical Hypotheses, 74, 466–481.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, G. R., Zorumski, C. F., Price, M. T., & Olney, J. W. (1990). Domoic acid: A dementia-inducing excitotoxic food poison with kainic acid receptor specificity. Experimental Neurology, 110, 127–138.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strain, S. M., & Tasker, R. A. R. (1991). Hippocampal damage produced by systemic injections of domoic acid in mice. Neuroscience, 44, 343–352.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, R. J., Hoesing, J. M., & Whishaw, I. Q. (1990). Domoic acid, an environmental toxin, produces hippocampal damage and severe memory loss. Neuroscience Letters, 120, 221–223.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suzukin, C. A. M., & Hierlihy, S. L. (1993). Renal clearance of domoic acid in the rat. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31, 701–706.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takemoto, T., & Daigo, K. (1960). Constituents of Chondria armata and their pharmacological effects. Archives of Pharmacology, 293, 627–633.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanemura, K., Igarashi, K., Matsugami, T. R., Aisaki, K., Kitajima, S., & Kanno, J. (2009). Intrauterine environment-genome interaction and children’s development (2): Brain structure impairment and behavioral disturbance induced in male mice offspring by a single intraperitoneal administration of domoic acid (DA) to their dams. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 34(Suppl 2), SP279–SP286.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tasker, R. A. R., & Strain, S. M. (1998). Synergism between NMDA and domoic acid in a murine model of behavioural neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology, 19, 593–598.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tasker, R. A. R., Connell, B. J., & Strain, S. M. (1991). Pharmacology of systemically administered domoic acid in mice. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 69, 378–382.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tasker, R. A., Strain, S. M., & Drejer, J. (1996). Selective reduction in domoic acid toxicity in vivo by a novel non-N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 74, 1047–1054.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tasker, R. A. R., Perry, M. A., Doucette, T. A., & Ryan, C. L. (2005). NMDA receptor involvement in the effects of low dose domoic acid in neonatal rats. Amino Acids, 28, 193–196.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tasker, R. A., Kuiper-Goodman, T., Oulido, O., & Lawrence, J. F. (2011). Domoic acid. In J. Lawrence, H. Loreal, H. Toyyofuku, P. Hess, K. Iddya, & L. Ababouch (Eds.), Assessment and management of biotoxin risks in bivalve molluscs (pp. 111–162). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teitelbaum, J. S., Zatorre, R. J., Carpenter, S., Gendron, D., Evans, A. C., Gjedde, A., & Cashman, N. R. (1990). Neurologic sequelae of domoic acid intoxication due to the ingestion of contaminated mussels. The New England Journal of Medicine, 322, 1781–1787.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Todd, E. C. D. (1990). Amnesic shellfish poisoning – a new toxin syndrome. In E. Graneli, B. Sundstrom, L. Edler, & D. M. Anderson (Eds.), Toxic marine phytoplankton (pp. 504–508). New York: Elsevier Science Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Todd, E. C. D. (1993). Domoic acid and amnesic shellfish poisoning – a review. Journal of Food Protection, 56, 69–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Truelove, J., & Iverson, F. (1994). Serum domoic acid clearance and clinical observations in the Cynomolgus monkey and Sprague–Dawley rat following a single IV dose. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 52, 479–486.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Truelove, J., Mueller, R., Pulido, O., & Iverson, F. (1996). Subchronic toxicity study of domoic acid in the rat. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 34, 525–529.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tryphonas, L., & Iverson, F. (1990). Neuropathology of excitatory neurotoxins: The domoic acid model. Toxicologic Pathology, 18, 165–169.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tryphonas, L., Truelove, J., & Iverson, F. (1990a). Acute parenteral neurotoxicity of domoic acid in cynomolgus monkeys (M. fascicularis). Toxicologic Pathology, 18, 297–303.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tryphonas, L., Truelove, J., Nera, E., & Iverson, F. (1990b). Acute neurotoxicity of domoic acid in the rat. Toxicologic Pathology, 18, 1–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vale-Gonzalez, C., Alfonso, A., Sunol, C., Vieytes, M. R., & Botana, L. M. (2006). Role of the plasma membrane calcium adenosine triphosphatase on domoate-induced intracellular acidification in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 84, 326–337.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verdoorn, T. A., Johansen, T. H., Drejer, J., & Neilsen, E. O. (1994). Selective block of recombinant glur6 receptors by NS-102; a novel non-NMDA receptor antagonist. European Journal of Pharmacology, 269, 43–49.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vranyac-Tramoundanas, A., Harrison, J. C., Sawant, P. M., Kerr, D. S., & Sammut, I. A. (2011). Ischemic cardiomyopathy following seizure induction by domoic acid. American Journal of Pathology, 179, 141–154.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, J. A., Falk, M., & Wright, J. L. C. (1994). Chemistry of the shellfish toxin domoic acid: Characterization of related compounds. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 72, 430.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J. L. C., Bird, C. J., deFreitas, A. S. W., Hampson, D., McDonald, J., & Quilliam, M. A. (1990). Chemistry, biology, and toxicology of domoic acid and its isomers. Canada Disease Weekly Report, 16(Suppl. 1E), 15–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xi, D., & Ramsdell, J. S. (1996). Glutamate receptors and calcium entry mechanisms for domoic acid in hippocampal neurons. Neuroreport, 7, 1115–1120.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xi, D., Peng, Y. G., & Ramsdell, J. S. (1997). Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin to neonatal rats. Natural Toxins, 5, 74–79.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, R., Tao, Y., Wu, C., Yi, J., Yang, Y., Yang, R., & Hong, D. (2008). Domoic acid induced spinal cord lesions in adult mice: Evidence for the possible molecular pathways of excitatory amino acids in spinal cord lesions. Neurotoxicology, 29, 700–707.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zaman, L., Arakawa, O., Shimosu, A., Onoue, Y., Nishio, S., Shida, Y., & Noguchi, T. (1997). Two new isomers of domoic acid from a red alga, Chondria armata. Toxicon, 35, 205–212.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada

    Anabel Pérez-Gómez & R. Andrew Tasker

Authors
  1. Anabel Pérez-Gómez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Andrew Tasker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Andrew Tasker .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA

    Richard M. Kostrzewa

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this entry

Cite this entry

Pérez-Gómez, A., Tasker, R.A. (2014). Domoic Acid as a Neurotoxin. In: Kostrzewa, R. (eds) Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5836-4_87

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation