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Role of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neurodegenerative and Other Disorders

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Handbook of Neurotoxicity

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Abstract

Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) are amongst the most complex disease states and lead to some of the most devastating conditions found in medicine today. It is well established that both genetic and epigenetic factors influence the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. More recently a growing body of evidence suggests that changes in neurotransmitter systems may underlie the pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Excitatory amino acids (EAA) are known to play key roles in neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and neurotoxicity. EAA receptors are classified into two major subdivisions, ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). l-Glu-gated ion channels, more commonly known as (iGluRs), are the primary mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission between neurons in the mammalian CNS. Evidence suggests that the iGluR receptor systems are involved in a number of pathophysiology conditions. This chapter will detail the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of iGluRs in neurodegenerative and other disorders.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

AMPA:

Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate

AMPAR:

AMPA receptor

CNS:

Central nervous system

EAA:

Excitatory amino acid

iGluR:

Ionotropic glutamate receptor

Kainate:

(2S,3S,4S)-3-(carboxymethyl)-4-prop-1-en-2-ylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid

l-Glu:

l-glutamate

NMDA:

(2R)-2-(methylamino)-butanedioic acid

NMDAR:

NMDA receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Lotten Ragnarsson

  2. School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia Campus, Molecular Biosciences Building, #76, 4072, Brisbane, Australia

    Peter R. Dodd

  3. School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Australia

    Matthew R. Hynd

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  1. Lotten Ragnarsson
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Correspondence to Lotten Ragnarsson .

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  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA

    Richard M. Kostrzewa

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Ragnarsson, L., Dodd, P.R., Hynd, M.R. (2014). Role of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neurodegenerative and Other Disorders. In: Kostrzewa, R. (eds) Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5836-4_144

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