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Alpha Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease

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Handbook of Neurotoxicity

Abstract

The perception of Parkinson’s disease (PD) as a disease centered on dopaminergic striatonigral neurodegeneration has changed fundamentally since 1997 when the first mutation in the SNCA gene (PARK1) encoding α-synuclein was discovered (Polymeropoulos et al. 1997). This discovery formed the basis for a new description of brain pathology characterized by the presence of α-synuclein aggregates in brain cell inclusions that are the hallmarks of PD and other synucleinopathies: dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). This field has been thoroughly covered by many reviews during the last decade (Gai et al. 1998; Spillantini and Goedert 2000; Huang et al. 2004; Ubhi et al. 2011). This review will briefly highlight the historical breakthroughs but focus on α-synuclein modifications, human neuropathology, biomarker potential, current animal models and the new concepts emerging after the significance of extracellular α-synuclein has gained support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1170, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Christine Lund Kragh, Marina Romero-Ramos & Poul Henning Jensen

  2. Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Barker Street Randwick, 2031, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Glenda Halliday

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  1. Christine Lund Kragh
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  2. Marina Romero-Ramos
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Correspondence to Christine Lund Kragh .

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    Richard M. Kostrzewa

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Kragh, C.L., Romero-Ramos, M., Halliday, G., Jensen, P.H. (2014). Alpha Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease. In: Kostrzewa, R. (eds) Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5836-4_14

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