Definition of the Subject and Its Importance
Extreme events such as floods, droughts, as well as water scarcity and poor water quality have been increasing globally during recent decades. Global change phenomena, increasing population density in some parts of the world, as well as multiple land use of landscapes such as agricultural management, urbanization, and industrialization are some of the main reasons for these problems. Both the mentioned reasons as well as the resulting environmental consequences, represent some of the world’s most pressing problems that occur on different scales – from the field to the region or even globally. In recent decades, integrated river basin and environmental management – including landscape planning – have been introduced as a potential but challenging instrument to tackle these complex transdisciplinary problems around the world. However, several problems still exist before an effective integrated planning and management can be realized. This...
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Abbreviations
- Catchment (or river basin):
-
The drainage area of a stream, river, or lake. It has a common outlet for its surface runoff.
- Ecosystem:
-
An arbitrary ensemble of macroscopic matter that captures, stores, and uses energy to circulate and rearrange matter within the system.
- Evaporation (of water):
-
(1) The emission of water vapor by a free surface at a temperature below the boiling point. (2) The amount of water evaporated.
- Interception loss:
-
Rainfall evaporated from canopy and litter.
- Landscape:
-
The traits, patterns, and structure of a specific geographic area, including its biological composition, its physical environment, and its anthropogenic or social patterns. An area where interacting ecosystems are grouped and repeated in similar form.
- Landscape ecology:
-
The science of studying and improving the relationship between spatial pattern and ecological processes on a multitude of landscape scales and organizational levels. Landscape ecology is highly interdisciplinary and integrates biophysical and analytical approaches with humanistic and holistic perspectives across natural and social sciences.
- Landscape structure, function, and pattern structure:
-
Is determined by the composition, the configuration, and the proportion of different patches across the landscape, while function refers to how each element in the landscape interacts based on its life-cycle events. Pattern is the term for the contents and internal order of a heterogeneous area of land.
- Landscape planning:
-
The aspect of the land use planning process that deals with physical, biological, esthetic, cultural, and historical values and with the relationships and planning between these values, land uses, and the environment.
- Landscape water balance:
-
Inventory of water based on the principle that during a certain time interval, the total water gain to a given catchment area or body of water must equal the total water loss plus the net change in storage in the catchment or body of water. In hydrology, a water balance equation can be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a system. A system can be one of several hydrological domains, such as a column of soil or a drainage basin.
- Scale:
-
A definition applied to the time, space, and mass component of any quantity is that scale denotes the resolution within a range of a measured quantity. This definition encompasses two important, interacting facets of scale: resolution and range. Resolution or “grain” refers to the finest distinction that can be made in an observation set, while range or “extent” refers to the span of all entities that can be detected in the data.
- Transpiration:
-
Process by which water from vegetation is transferred into the atmosphere in the form of vapor.
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Volk, M. (2013). Landscape Planning for Sustainable Water Usage . In: Loftness, V., Haase, D. (eds) Sustainable Built Environments. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5828-9_216
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