Definition of the Subject
The production of biomethane can be done following two pathways as shown in Fig. 1. The established one is the anaerobic digestion of wet biomass and the adjacent upgrade of the resulting gas. The second one is based on the thermochemical treatment of solid (dry) biomass as wood. This article focuses on the anaerobic fermentation using residues from municipalities and industrial processes. This process in general includes the degradation of organic matter to acetic acid and other short-chain hydrocarbons as well as the conversion to CH4, CO2, and H2O in an anaerobic milieu. Suitable substrates have to show the following characteristics:
Fermentative degradability
Availability in aqueous milieu
Different categories of biomass and possible energetic uses
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Abbreviations
- Bioenergy:
-
Energy from Biomass [1].
- Biogas:
-
Gas originating from fermentation [2].
- Biogas substrate:
-
Biomass that can be used for fermentation processes and which mainly are wet energy crops or residues.
- Biomass:
-
Material from biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and transformed to fossil [1].
- Biomethane:
-
Upgraded biogas generated through the removal of carbon dioxide.
- Biomass residues:
-
Biomass originating from side-streams from agricultural, forestry, and industrial operations [1].
- Black liquor:
-
Liquor obtained from wood during the process of pulp production, the energy content is mainly originating from the content of lignin removed from the wood in the pulping process [1].
- Chemical oxygen demand (COD):
-
Amount of oxygen needed for the complete oxidation of the compounds included in the water [4].
- Contamination:
-
Impurities resulting from exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance to a fuel [1].
- Economic biomass potential:
-
Fraction of the technical potential that can be used economically in the context of the economic framework [4].
- Energy crops:
-
Woody or herbaceous crops grown specifically for their fuel value [1].
- Fruit biomass:
-
Biomass from the parts of a plant which holds seeds [1].
- Fuel:
-
Energy carrier intended for energy conversion that can be solid, liquid, or gaseous [1].
- Herbaceous biomass:
-
Biomass from plants that has no woody stem and which dies back at the end of the growing season [1].
- Horticultural residues:
-
Biomass residues originating from production, harvesting, and processing in horticulture, including greenhouses [1].
- Landscape management residues:
-
Residues of woody, herbaceous, and fruit biomass originating from landscape, park, and cemetery management [1].
- Realizable biomass potential:
-
Expected use of biomass for energy purposes that mainly is part of the economic potential, but can as well be greater is, the option of using bioenergy is subsidized [4].
- Segregated biomass:
-
Landscape management residues.
- Sludge:
-
Sludge formed in the aeration basin during biological waste water treatment or biological treatment process and separated by sedimentation or flotation [1].
- Technical biomass potential:
-
Part of the theoretical biomass potential which can be used for energy purposes given technical as well as structural and environmental restrictions, including priority for food and fodder production and material uses of biomass [4].
- Theoretical biomass potential:
-
Theoretical limit of the available energy supply from biomass in a defined area [4].
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Seyfert, U., Thrän, D. (2013). Biogas Substrates from Municipalities and Industries . In: Kaltschmitt, M., Themelis, N.J., Bronicki, L.Y., Söder, L., Vega, L.A. (eds) Renewable Energy Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_428
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