Definition of the Subject and Its Importance
The major technologies used in Japan for energy recovery from municipal solid waste (MSW) are mass burning incinerators combined with landfilling of ash. However, shortage of landfill space along with new regulations for dioxin emission control and the Japanese Containers and Packaging Recycling Law has stimulated active R&D and commercialization of relatively novel thermal treatment processes based on gasification and liquefaction of MSW.
The purpose of this article is to introduce novel gasification and liquefaction processes for MSW that are already commercialized in Japan and are potential future alternatives to mass burning for effective resource recovery from MSW.
Introduction
In Japan, about 40 million tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are incinerated each year. Of these, about 20 million tons are used for power generation and in total about 1,000 MW of electric power is produced from MSW. Most of these waste-to-energy (WTE)...
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Abbreviations
- Gasification:
-
Thermal process that involves the reaction of carbonaceous feedstocks with oxygen-containing reagents, usually air, oxygen, steam, or carbon dioxide, generally at temperatures in excess of 800°C
- MSW:
-
Municipal solid waste
- PET:
-
Polyethylene terephthalate
- PVC:
-
Polyvinylchloride
- Pyrolysis:
-
Thermal process that implies the degradation of the organic materials at temperatures in the range of 400–800°C and in the absence of oxygen or other reagents
- RDF:
-
Refuse derived fuel
- Slag:
-
Molten ash
- SR:
-
Shedder residue
Bibliography
Selinger A, Steiner Ch, Shin K (2003) TwinRec gasification and ash melting technology – now also established for municipal waste. Presented at 4th international symposium on waste treatment technologies, Sheffield, 29 June–2 July 2003
JFE High Temperature Gasifying & Direct Melting System (2010) Operational result of clean-hill homan municipal solid waste treatment center, JFE Technical Report, No. 25, pp 70–71, -(in Japanese)
Fukushima M, Shioya M, Wakai K, Ibe H (2009) Toward maximizing the recycling rate in a sapporo waste plastics liquefaction plant. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 11:11–18
Plastic Waste Management Institute http://www.pwmi.or.jp/flow/flame.htm (inJapanese)
The Japan Containers and Packaging Recycling Association http://www.jcpra.or.jp/eng/statistics.html
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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Yoshikawa, K. (2013). Gasification and Liquefaction Alternatives to Incineration in Japan. In: Kaltschmitt, M., Themelis, N.J., Bronicki, L.Y., Söder, L., Vega, L.A. (eds) Renewable Energy Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_419
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_419
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