Definition of the Subject
This entry describes the history of WTE and technological developments with regard to increasing the energy efficiency of this process, and ways to assess energy efficiency.
In the history, four distinct stages are described involving improvements on the combustion system, flue gas cleaning, and energy efficiency.
An overview of options to improve energy efficiency is given, with the technical limitations to raise steam parameters, resulting efficiencies, and ways to evaluate the energy performance of WTE installations.
Introduction
Over the last century, Waste to Energy was developed in a few distinct stages. Originally, the objective was to manage urban wastes in order to avoid the spread of diseases. In the second stage, reduction of smoke issuing from the stack became the point of attention. Later, discovery of the effects of invisible pollutants, such as volatile metals and dioxins, in the stack gases led to important...
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Abbreviations
- CBA:
-
Cost benefit analysis.
- CHP:
-
Combined heat and power: production of electricity combined with delivery of heat, e.g., for district heating.
- EfW:
-
Energy from waste, synonym of WtE.
- LCA:
-
Life cycle analysis.
- MSW:
-
Municipal solid waste: residential, commercial, and other urban waste. It is the residual part, which is the non-source separated stream.
- R1/D10:
-
EU legislative distinction between Reuse and Disposal of waste.
- RDF:
-
Refuse derived fuel: pretreated waste, mainly by shredding and recovery of some recyclable materials and removal of inert and wet fractions. It consists mainly of packaging paper and plastics.
- WTE:
-
Waste to energy: Thermal treatment of wastes with energy recovery.
Bibliography
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Erbrink H et al. (2001) Analysis of energy efficiency definitions for policy making (in Dutch) [Boek]. NOVEM/KEMA, Utrecht, publicatiecentrum@novem.nl. - Reportnr: 2EWAB01.03
Tebert C (2006) The energy efficiency formula of annex ii of the waste framework directive: a critical review. [Rapport] = R1/D10 formula Review/Ćkopol gmbh, Institute for environmental strategies ā [sl] : Ćkopol. http://www.eeb.org/activities/waste/20060630-Okopol-Brief-on-MSWI-efficiency-formula-v5-final.pdf
Murer MJ et al. (2009) Comparison of energy efficiency indicators for energy-from-waste plants [Conferentie]/Internatonal waste management and landfill symposium, Sardinia: [sn], vol 12
Murer MJ et al. (2010) Exergetic analysis of heat transfer and efficiency in Efw plants [Conferentie]/Third international symposium on energy from biomass and waste. CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre, Venice, Italy, vol 2010
Berlo MAJ, van en Waart Harry de (2008) Unleashing the power in waste, Comparison of greenhouse gas and other performance indicators for waste-to-energy concepts and landfilling [Conferentie] = Unleashing the power in waste//North American waste-to-energy conference. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: NAWTEC, 2008. vol 16, p 16, NAWTEC16-1937
EU ā JRC (2007) Environmental assessment of municipal waste management scenarios: Part II ā Detailed life cycle assessments [Rapport] = JRC 41241/EUR 23021 EN/2/Institute for environment and sustainability. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy. p 182 - http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu. ISBN 978-92-79-07450-9
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vanĀ Berlo, M.A.J.(. (2013). Waste-to-Energy Facilities as Power Plants. In: Kaltschmitt, M., Themelis, N.J., Bronicki, L.Y., Sƶder, L., Vega, L.A. (eds) Renewable Energy Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_399
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_399
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