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Atherosclerotic Disease of the Cervical Carotid Artery: Evidence-Based Neuroimaging

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Evidence-Based Neuroimaging Diagnosis and Treatment

Part of the book series: Evidence-Based Imaging ((Evidence-Based Imag.))

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Abstract

Extracranial carotid bifurcation atherosclerotic disease is associated with ischemic stroke. The carotid bifurcation, particularly the internal carotid artery near the bifurcation, is a preferred site for the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Several biomechanical and physiological factors are involved in the formation of atheroma at this location [1]. As atherosclerotic plaque builds, it can lead to ischemic stroke via two interrelated mechanisms: embolism and hemodynamic impairment. Embolism of plaque debris or thrombus that develops in or on the plaque may break free and lodge in a distal artery of the brain. Embolism likely accounts for the majority of stroke that occurs in association with carotid atherosclerosis. The second mechanism is that of low flow [2]. Depending on the adequacy of collateral flow, primarily determined by the status of the circle of Willis, severe stenosis may limit blood flow to the distal cerebral hemisphere. Significant hemodynamic impairment due to severe stenosis or occlusion at the carotid bifurcation is an independent predictor of stroke, likely due to synergistic effects with embolic events. Primary hemodynamic or low-flow stroke may also occur but is uncommon relative to primary embolic or synergistic embolic and hemodynamic mechanisms.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Yasha Kadkhodayan & Colin P. Derdeyn

  2. Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA

    Alex M. Barrocas

Authors
  1. Yasha Kadkhodayan
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  2. Colin P. Derdeyn
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  3. Alex M. Barrocas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yasha Kadkhodayan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neuroradiology-Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology, Miami Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, USA

    L. Santiago Medina

  2. Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    L. Santiago Medina

  3. Former Lecturer in Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    L. Santiago Medina

  4. Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Pina C. Sanelli

  5. Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Jeffrey G. Jarvik

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Kadkhodayan, Y., Derdeyn, C.P., Barrocas, A.M. (2013). Atherosclerotic Disease of the Cervical Carotid Artery: Evidence-Based Neuroimaging. In: Medina, L.S., Sanelli, P.C., Jarvik, J.G. (eds) Evidence-Based Neuroimaging Diagnosis and Treatment. Evidence-Based Imaging. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3320-0_37

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3320-0_37

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3319-4

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