Abnormal persistence of branchial apparatus remnants results in branchial anomalies.
Synonyms and Related Disorders
Branchial cyst; Branchial fistula; Branchial sinus; Branchial remnant presenting as skin tag
Genetics/Basic Defects
- 1.
Embryology of the fetal branchial apparatus
- a.
A derivative of a foregut, developed during the second fetal week
- b.
Consisting of five paired pharyngeal arches, separated internally by four endodermal pouches and externally by four ectodermal clefts
- a.
- 2.
Embryology of the branchial clefts
- a.
First branchial cleft
- i.
Giving rise to the Eustachian tube, tympanic cavity, and mastoid antrum
- ii.
Contributing to the formation of the tympanic membrane
- iii.
The only cleft to contribute to the adult structure is the external auditory canal
- i.
- b.
Second, third, and fourth branchial clefts
- i.
Known as the cervical sinus of His (part of an ectodermally lined depression)
- ii.
Obliteration of the cervical sinus as the second and fifth branchial clefts merge
...
- i.
- a.
References
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(2012). Branchial Cleft Anomalies. In: Chen, H. (eds) Atlas of Genetic Diagnosis and Counseling. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1037-9_29
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1037-9_29
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