Kraemer Equation

For dilute polymer solutions, an equation relating the inherent viscosity to intrinsic viscosity and concentration. It is

$$\eta _{inh} = (\ln \eta _r )/c = \left[ \eta \right] + k^{\prime\prime} \left[ \eta \right]^{\rm 2} \cdot c$$

where η _r = the reduced viscosity, [η] = the intrinsic viscosity and c = the concentration in g/dL. Huggins Equation and Dilute-Solution Viscosity. Huggins’ constant, k′, and Kraemer's, k′′, are related by: k′ − k′′ = 0.5. Thus, since k′ is often between 0.6 and 0.8, k′′ will often lie between 0.1 and 0.3. (Kamide K, Dobashi T (2000) Physical chemistry of polymer solutions. Elsevier, New York; Huggins ML (1958) Physical chemistry of high polymers. Wiley, New York).