Non-governmental organizations can be traced to the early 1900s. In 1910, the League of Nations referred to these unions, institutes, and organizations as its “liaison with private organizations.” Formal recognition occurred in 1945 when the United Nations (UN) differentiated participation between international intergovernmental organizations and international private organizations in Article 70 and 71 of the United Nations Charter. These private organizations, designated as NGOs were required to be: (a) independent from governmental control; (b) not seeking to challenge governments either as a political party or by a focus on human rights; (c) nonprofit making; and (d) noncriminal and nonviolent. The significance of the UN action was to allow specialized agencies and NGOs to participate without vote in the UN deliberations and engage in consultation arrangements with the UN. The consultation role was further strengthened in Chapter 27 where the role of NGOs in sustainable development...
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Quill, B.E. (2012). Non-Governmental Organization. In: Loue, S., Sajatovic, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_540
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