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Facades and Enclosures, Building for Sustainability

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Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

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Abbreviations

Facade enclosure envelope:

Throughout this entry, Facade is a subset of Enclosure and Enclosure is considered the same as Envelope.

Carbon neutral net-zero and the 2030 challenge:

Carbon-neutral buildings and net-zero buildings are typically defined as buildings designed to achieve net-zero in green house gas emissions during their lifetime. This has been set as a requirement for all new buildings by 2030 in the 2030 Challenge™ (url).

Passive survivability:

Environmental Building News uses the term passive survivability to describe a building’s ability to maintain critical life-support conditions in the event of extended loss of power, heating fuel, or water, or in the event of extraordinary heat spells.

Biophilia:

Introduced by E.O. Wilson, the biophilia hypothesis suggests that there is an instinctive bond between human beings and other living systems that must be met by buildings that ensure critical connections.

Ambient and task lighting:

Ambient lighting is the light needed for safe movement and non-visual tasks, while task lighting is linked to visual acuity at task and must be glare-free. Daylight can be used for both, but requires significantly greater design resolution for task lighting.

Mixed-mode or Hybrid HVAC:

An approach to space conditioning that combines natural ventilation from operable windows or vents with mechanical heating, cooling, and ventilation systems (HVAC).

Night ventilation:

An approach to space conditioning that utilizes cool night air to precool the buildings’ thermal mass in order to reduce daytime cooling demands.

Thermal bridge:

A conductive or non-insulated element in the facade assembly that allows heat to be unnecessarily lost or gained, and allows condensation to occur, to be addressed by well-designed thermal breaks.

PassivHaus™:

A standard that codifies energy conservation and passive conditioning requirements for residential and small commercial buildings.

Double envelope:

The introduction of two facades with a captured air space and static or dynamic components that support orientation- and season-specific modulation of climate conditions.

Rainscreen:

An independent layer on the facade to manage weather challenges, separated by vent spaces from the structural, thermal, and vapor management of the primary facade.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, USA

    Dr. Volker Hartkopf Ph.D., Dipl.-Ing (Director) & Dr. Azizan Aziz B.Arch, MS Building Performance (Senior Researcher)

  2. Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Dr. Vivian Loftness FAIA (University Professor)

Authors
  1. Dr. Volker Hartkopf Ph.D., Dipl.-Ing
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  2. Dr. Azizan Aziz B.Arch, MS Building Performance
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  3. Dr. Vivian Loftness FAIA
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Volker Hartkopf Ph.D., Dipl.-Ing .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. RAMTECH LIMITED, Larkspur, CA, USA

    Robert A. Meyers

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Hartkopf, V., Aziz, A., Loftness, V. (2012). Facades and Enclosures, Building for Sustainability. In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_873

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