Definition of the Subject
Wind power has been utilized for over 3,000 years to aid with human activities. Although it was predominantly used as mechanical power at the beginning, gradually, with industrialization, the focus shifted to the use as electrical power. With the arrival of the oil price shock in the early 1970s, the use of wind energy as electrical power started to gain more focus, and since the end of the twentieth-century, wind energy has become one of the most important sustainable energy resources. The installation of wind power production capacity is growing at a rapid pace, doubling every 3 years, and is expected to continue growing in the future, providing around 20% of the worlds’ power needs by 2030. With strong growth in on- and offshore developments in Europe, and rapid market expansions in the rest of the world, it is imperative that the knowledge which...
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Abbreviations
- Clean development mechanism:
-
Clean development mechanism is the flexible mechanism under Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol with the purpose to (1) assist non-Annex I Parties in achieving sustainable development, (2) contribute to the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), and (3) assist Parties included in Annex I achieve compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments. Annex I Parties refer to industrialized countries that were members of the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) in 1992 plus countries with economies in transition (the EIT Parties), including the Russian Federation, the Baltic States, and several Central and Eastern European States.
- Installed capacity:
-
Installed capacity is the total MW of operational generation plant of a given technology.
- Offshore:
-
Wind power plant installed in a marine environment.
- Offshore wind developments:
-
Offshore wind developments are wind power plants installed in shallow waters off the coast.
- Onshore wind developments:
-
Onshore wind developments are wind power plants installed on land.
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Ackermann, T., Kuwahata, R. (2012). Global Wind Power Installations . In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_76
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