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Genotype by Environment Interaction and Adaptation

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Abbreviations

GE:

Genotype by environment interaction is differential genotypic expression across environments that may cause that a genotype selected among the best in one location to perform poorly in another. GE weakens association between phenotype and genotype, reducing genetic progress in breeding programs. In statistical terms, GE describes a situation in which the simultaneous effect of two classification variables (genotype and environment) on a continuous dependent third one, such as yield, does not follow an additive model.

MET:

A multi-environment trial is a series of trials sampling the target environmental range in which a particular set of genotypes is evaluated.

QTL:

A quantitative trait locus is a region in the genome associated with a particular quantitative phenotypic trait, such as crop yield, resource-use-efficiency, phenology, or height. QTL analysis is a statistical method that links phenotypic data (specific trait measurements on a series of individuals) and genotypic data (usually in the form of molecular markers taken on the same individual) in order to explain the genetic basis of complex traits. QTL number and the variation they explain on the phenotypic trait give clues about the genetic control of that trait, for example, if plant height is controlled by many genes of small effect, or by a few genes of large effect.

QTLxE:

QTL by environment interaction is differential QTL effect across environments that may cause that a favorable QTL in one environment may become irrelevant, or even unfavorable, in another.

Specific and wide adaptation:

A genotype is considered stable if it yields well relative to the productive potential of the environments in which is grown. If such concept of stability is shown for a wide agroecological array of environments, a genotype is considered to have general, wide, or broad adaptation. If stability is confined to a limited range, a genotype is said to have specific or narrow adaptation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain

    Ignacio Romagosa, Gisela Borràs-Gelonch & Gustavo Slafer

  2. Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Fred van Eeuwijk

Authors
  1. Ignacio Romagosa
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  2. Gisela Borràs-Gelonch
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  3. Gustavo Slafer
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  4. Fred van Eeuwijk
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Correspondence to Ignacio Romagosa .

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  1. RAMTECH LIMITED, Larkspur, CA, USA

    Robert A. Meyers

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Romagosa, I., Borràs-Gelonch, G., Slafer, G., van Eeuwijk, F. (2012). Genotype by Environment Interaction and Adaptation . In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_199

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