Abstract
Technetium (Tc) (Z = 43) and promethium (Z = 61) are the only elements below bismuth (Z = 83) in atomic number that have no stable isotopes. The discovery of these unusual elements is described, and the physical factors leading to their instability are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anders E (1960) The radiochemistry of technetium, NAS-NS 3021. Natural Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC
Baum EM, Knox HD, Miller TR (2002) Nuclides and isotopes, 16th edn. KAPL, Schenectady, NY
Boyd GE (1959) J Chem Ed 36:3
Browne E, Firestone RB, Shirley VS (1986) Table of radioactive isotopes. Wiley, New York
Cacciapuoti BN, Segrè E (1937) Phys Rev 52:1252
Choppin GR, Liljenzin J-O, Rydberg J (2002) Radiochemistry and nuclear chemistry, 3rd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn, MA
Firestone RB, Shirley VS, Baglin CM, Zipkin J, Chu SYF (1996) Table of isotopes, 8th edn. Wiley, New York
Friedlander G, Kennedy JW, Macias ES, Miller JM (1981) Nuclear and radiochemistry, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York
Harris JA, Yntema LF, Hopkins BS (1926) J Am Chem Soc 48:1585
Marinsky JA, Glendenin LE, Coryell CD (1947) J Am Chem Soc 69:2781
Noddack W, Tacke I, Berg O (1925) Naturwissenschaften 13:567
Perrier C, Segrè E (1937) J Chem Phys 5:712
Pool ML, Quill LL (1938) Phys Rev 53:436
Stevenson PC, Nervik WE (1961) The radiochemistry of the rare earths, scandium, yttrium, and actinium, NAS-NS 3020. Natural Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC
Walton FW (1976) Ion-exchange chromatography. Halsted Press, Wiley, Stroudsburg, PA
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Griffin, H.C. (2011). Radioelements. In: Vértes, A., Nagy, S., Klencsár, Z., Lovas, R.G., Rösch, F. (eds) Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0720-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0720-2_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0719-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0720-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics