Abstract
VEGF is an approximately 45 kDa homodimeric glycoprotein in the VEGF family, which includes more than seven proteins. Five of the polypeptides are encoded by distinct genes in the human genome: VEGF-A (VEGF), VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and PGF (placenta growth factor) (Carmeliet, Oncology 69:4–10, 2005; Shibuya, Vascular permeability/vascular endothelial growth factor. In: Figg WD, Folkman J (eds) Angiogenesis. Springer, New York, pp 89–98, 2008). VEGF is considered to play a key role in regulating angiogenesis both in normal and malignant cells. VEGF-A exists in many different isoforms as a result of alternative exon splicing; the most frequent subtypes are VEGF121, VEGF165, VEGF189, and VEGF206. The shorter amino acid sequence isoform VEGF121 is soluble, in contrast to VEGF165, VEGF189, and VEGF206, which are heparin bound with varying affinity. VEGF121 and VEGF165, which also have the propensity to be unbound, are believed to have a central role in tumor angiogenesis (Kerbel and Ellis, Angiogenesis. In: DeVita, Hellman, Rosenberg (eds) Cancer. LWW, Philadelphia, pp 101–112, 2011).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alfaro C, et al. Influence of bevacizumab, sunitinib and sorafenib as single agents or in combination on the inhibitory effects of VEGF on human dendritic cell differentiation from monocytes. BJC. 2009;100:1111–9.
Aragon-Ching JB, et al. The clinical utility of bevacizumab. In: Figg WD, Folkman J, editors. Angiogenesis. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 375–85.
Carmeliet P. VEGF as a key mediator of angiogenesis in cancer. Oncology. 2005;69 Suppl 3:4–10.
Correale P, et al. Immunomodulatory properties of anticancer monoclonal antibodies: is the ‘magic bullet’ still a reliable paradigm? Immunotherapy. 2011;3:1–4.
FDA website: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/InformationOnDrugs/ApprovedDrugs
Ferrara N. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in regulation of angiogenesis. In: Teicher BA, editor. Antiangiogenic agents in cancer therapy. Totawa: Humana Press; 1999. p. 119–41.
Ferrara N. Overview and clinical applications of VEGF-A. In: Figg WD, Folkman J, editors. Angiogenesis. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 345–35.
Folkman J. History of angiogenesis. In: Figg WD, Folkman J, editors. Angiogenesis. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 1–14.
Huan Y, et al. Vascular normalizing doses of antiangiogenic treatment reprogram he immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:17561–6.
Hurvitz H, et al. Bevacizumab plus Irinotecan, fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. NEJM. 2004;350:2335–42.
Jain RK. Normalization of tumor vasculature: an emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science. 2005;307:58–62.
Jain RK, et al. Normalization of tumor vasculature and microenvironment. In: Figg WD, Folkman J, editors. Angiogenesis. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 273–81.
Kawamuara H, et al. VEGF signal transduction in angiogenesis. In: Figg WD, Folkman J, editors. Angiogenesis. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 205–16.
Kerbel RS, Ellis L. Angiogenesis. In: DeVita, Hellman, Rosenberg, editors. Cancer. Philadelphia: LWW; 2011. p. 101–12.
McDonald D. Angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in inflammation and cancer: biology and architecture of the vasculature. In: Figg WD, Folkman J, editors. Angiogenesis. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 17–33.
Meadows K, Hurvitz H. Anti-VEGF therapies in the clinic. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2:1–27.
Shibuya M. Vascular permeability/vascular endothelial growth factor. In: Figg WD, Folkman J, editors. Angiogenesis. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 89–98.
Shibuya M. VEGF and its receptor VEGFR signaling in angiogenesis: a crucial target for anti- and pro-angiogenic therapies. Genes Cancer. 2011;2:1097–105.
Ulahannan SV, Brahmer JR. Antiangiogenic agents in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell cancer. Cancer Invest. 2011;29:325–37.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media, New York (outside the USA)
About this entry
Cite this entry
Ulahannan, S. (2017). VEGF. In: Marshall, J. (eds) Cancer Therapeutic Targets. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0717-2_71
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0717-2_71
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0716-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0717-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences