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Biomarkers (Organic, Compound-Specific Isotopes)

  • Reference work entry
Encyclopedia of Geobiology

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Synonyms

Stable isotopes of individual biomarkers

Definition

Stable isotopes as opposed to radiogenic (unstable) isotopes do not decay; thus, their natural abundances stay relatively constant, even over geological time. However, variations in stable isotopic composition, or isotopic fractionation, occur in nature as a consequence of chemical and physical processes, due to different isotopes of an element having different physical and chemical properties. Equilibrium processes and kinetic processes can lead to isotopic fractionation. Equilibrium isotope effects occur as a result of temperature-dependent equilibrium isotope-exchange reactions resulting in a change of the isotope distribution between different chemical materials, between varying phases, or between individual molecules (Hoefs, 1987). For example, the equilibrium reaction:

$${\rm A}_1 + {\rm B}_2 \rightleftharpoons {\rm A}_2 + {\rm B}_1, $$

Subscripts indicate that A and B contain either the light (1) or heavy (2) isotope.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre Department of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Kliti Grice

  2. Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australia National University, Building 61, Mill Road, 0200, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Dr Jochen J. Brocks (ARC QEII Fellow)

Authors
  1. Kliti Grice
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  2. Dr Jochen J. Brocks
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Joachim Reitner  & Volker Thiel  & 

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Grice, K., Brocks, J.J. (2011). Biomarkers (Organic, Compound-Specific Isotopes). In: Reitner, J., Thiel, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geobiology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_29

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