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Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions pp 1049–1054Cite as

Incarnation

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Christology

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Incarnation is one of the central doctrines of Christianity: Along with the doctrine of the Trinity, it was established in the first ecumenical councils. To be a member of the World Council of Churches, and thereby be considered as a Christian church or a denomination, a church needs to confess to both Trinity and the dual nature of Christ, that is, the incarnation.

The Doctrine of Incarnation

According to the council of Chalcedon (451), that solidified the incarnation dogma, “one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, only-begotten, [is] acknowledged in two natures which undergo no confusion, no change, no division, no separation; … the property of both natures is preserved and comes together into a single person and single subsistent being (hypostasis); he is not parted or divided into two persons, but is one and the same only-begotten Son, God, Word, Lord Jesus Christ.”

What incarnation means in its classical formulation, then, is that Jesus Christ can...

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References

  • Deane-Drummond, C. (2009). Christ and evolution: Wonder and wisdom. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

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  • Evans, C. S. (Ed.). (2006). Exploring kenotic Christology: The self-emptying of god. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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  • Hick, J. (2005). The metaphor of god incarnate (2nd ed.). London: SCM.

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  • Marmodoro, A., & Hill, J. (Eds.). (2011). The metaphysics of incarnation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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  • Morris, T. (1986). Logic of the god incarnate. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

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  • Shults, F. L. (2008). Christology and science. Aldershot: Ashgate.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ian Ramsey Centre for Science and Religion, Kellogg College, Oxford University, 109 Banbury Road, Oxford, UK

    Aku Visala

Authors
  1. Aku Visala
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Correspondence to Aku Visala .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systematic Theology, Faculty of Theology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Anne L. C. Runehov

  2. Pontificia Universita Antonianum, Roma, Italia

    Lluis Oviedo

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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Visala, A. (2013). Incarnation. In: Runehov, A.L.C., Oviedo, L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_1575

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_1575

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8264-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8265-8

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