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Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology pp 862–877Cite as

Soils

  • Reference work entry
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Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Introduction

Archaeologists generally realize that there is an important relationship between cultural deposits and associated soils. Yet, their understanding of what a soil is, as well as what soils can reveal about site formation processes, landscape development, and environments of the past, varies greatly. Although archaeologists should not be expected to have a complete grasp of pedology, they should be capable of recognizing and interpreting soils in an archaeological context in order to comprehend fully the record of the human past (Mandel and Bettis, 2001).

Soils are a part of the stage upon which humans evolved. As an integral component of most natural landscapes, soils also are an integral component of cultural landscapes. Furthermore, soils are indicators of the nature and history of the physical and human landscape, they record the impact of human activity, they are a source of food and fuel, and they reflect the environment and record the passage of time. Soils also affect...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anthropology and Departments Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Vance T. Holliday

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, 622 Fraser Hall, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA

    Rolfe D. Mandel

  3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    E. Arthur Bettis III

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  1. Vance T. Holliday
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  3. E. Arthur Bettis III
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Correspondence to Vance T. Holliday .

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  1. Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA

    Allan S. Gilbert

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Holliday, V.T., Mandel, R.D., Bettis, E.A. (2017). Soils. In: Gilbert, A.S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4409-0_173

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