Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Ashley, G. M., 2000. Geologists probe hominid environments. GSA Today, 10(2), 24–29.
Ashley, G. M., 2001. Archaeological sediments in springs and wetlands. In Stein, J. K., and Farrand, W. R. (eds.), Sediments in Archaeological Contexts. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, pp. 183–210.
Ashley, G. M., and Liutkus, C. M., 2003. Tracks, trails and trampling by large vertebrates in a rift valley paleo-wetland, lowermost Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Ichnos, 9(1–2), 23–32.
Ashley, G. M., Tactikos, J. C., and Owen, R. B., 2009. Hominin use of springs and wetlands: Paleoclimate and archaeological records from Olduvai Gorge (∼1.79–1.74 Ma). Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 272(1–2), 1–16.
Ashley, G. M., Barboni, D., Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., Bunn, H. T., Mabulla, A. Z. P., Diez-Martín, F., Barba, R., and Baquedano, E., 2010a. A spring and wooded habitat at FLK Zinj and their relevance to origins of human behavior. Quaternary Research, 74(3), 304–314.
Ashley, G. M., Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., Bunn, H. T., Mabulla, A. Z. P., and Baquedano, E., 2010b. Sedimentary geology and human origins: a fresh look at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Sedimentary Research, 80(8), 703–709.
Ashley, G. M., Ndiema, E. K., Spencer, J. Q. G., Harris, J. W. K., and Kiura, P. W., 2011. Paleoenvironmental context of archaeological sites, implications for subsistence strategies under Holocene climate change, northern Kenya. Geoarchaeology, 26(6), 809–837.
Behrensmeyer, A. K., 1978. Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering. Paleobiology, 4(2), 150–162.
Bernick, K. N., 1998. Hidden Dimensions: The Cultural Significance of Wetland Archaeology. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Bryan, K., 1919. Classification of springs. Journal of Geology, 27(7), 522–561.
Chafetz, H. S., and Folk, R. L., 1984. Travertines: depositional morphology and the bacterially constructed constituents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54(1), 289–316.
Coles, J. M., 1984. The Archaeology of Wetlands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Coles, B., and Coles, J. M., 1989. People of the Wetlands: Bogs, Bodies, and Lake Dwellers. New York: Thames and Hudson.
Deocampo, D. M., Blumenschine, R. J., and Ashley, G. M., 2002. Wetland diagenesis and traces of early hominids, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Quaternary Research, 57(2), 271–281.
Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., Barba, R., and Egelund, C. P., 2007. Deconstructing Olduvai: A Taphonomic Study of the Bed I Sites. Dordrecht: Springer. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series.
Fetter, C. W., 2001. Applied Hydrogeology, 4th edn. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Griffin, D. G., and Sattler, R. A., 1988. Alaska’s thermal springs: a review of their biological and cultural significance in the lifeways of Alaskan natives. Journal of Northern Sciences, 2, 49–73.
Grün, R., Brink, J. S., Spooner, N. A., Taylor, L., Stringer, C. B., Franciscus, R. G., and Murray, A. S., 1996. Direct dating of Florisbad hominid. Nature, 382(6591), 500–501.
Hay, R. L., Pexton, R. E., Teague, T. T., and Kyser, T. K., 1986. Spring-related carbonate rocks, Mg clays, and associated minerals in Pliocene deposits of the Amargosa Desert, Nevada and California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 97(12), 1488–1503.
Haynes, C. V., Jr., and Agogino, G. A., 1966. Prehistoric springs and geochronology of the Clovis Site, New Mexico. American Antiquity, 31(6), 812–821.
Johnson, C. R., Ashley, G. M., De Wet, C. B., Dvoretsky, R., Park, L., Hover, V. C., Owen, R. B., and McBrearty, S., 2009. Tufa as a record of perennial fresh water in a semi-arid rift basin, Kapthurin Formation, Kenya. Sedimentology, 56(4), 1115–1137.
Jones, B., and Renaut, R. W., 1998. Origin of platy calcite crystals in hot-spring deposits in the Kenyan Rift valley. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68(5), 913–927.
Leakey, M. D., 1971. Olduvai Gorge: Excavations in Beds I and II, 1960–1963. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Liutkus, C. M., and Ashley, G. M., 2003. Facies model of a semiarid freshwater wetland, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 73(5), 691–705.
Marshak, S., 2001. Earth: Portrait of a Planet. New York: W.W. Norton.
Mitsch, W. J., and Gosselink, J. G., 2000. Wetlands. New York: Wiley.
Nicholas, G. P., 1998. Wetlands and hunter-gatherers: a global perspective. Current Anthropology, 39(5), 720–731.
Purdy, B. A., 2001. Enduring Records: The Environmental and Cultural Heritage of Wetlands. Oxford: Oxbow Press.
Quade, J., Mifflin, M. D., Pratt, W. L., McCoy, W., and Burckle, L., 1995. Fossil spring deposits in the southern Great Basin and their implications for changes in water-table levels near Yucca Mountain, Nevada, during Quaternary time. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 107(2), 213–230.
Rosen, M. R., 1994. Paleoclimate and Basin Evolution of Playa Systems. Boulder: Geological Society of America. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 289.
Smith, J. R., Giegengack, R., Schwarcz, H. P., McDonald, M. M. A., Kleindienst, M. R., Hawkins, A. L., and Churcher, C. S., 2004. A reconstruction of Quaternary pluvial environments and human occupations using stratigraphy and geochronology of fossil-spring tufas, Kharga Oasis, Egypt. Geoarchaeology, 19(5), 407–439.
Wright, D. K., Forman, S. L., Kusimba, C. M., Pierson, J., Gomez, J., and Tattersfield, P., 2007. Stratigraphic and geochronological context of human habitation along the Galana River, Kenya. Geoarchaeology, 22(7), 709–728.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this entry
Cite this entry
Ashley, G.M. (2017). Spring Settings. In: Gilbert, A.S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4409-0_162
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4409-0_162
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-4827-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4409-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences