Introduction
Under certain suitable geological conditions, anthropogenic activity can trigger or induce earthquakes. The triggered/induced earthquakes are known to have occurred due to gold and coal mining, petroleum production, filling of artificial water reservoirs, high-pressure liquid injection into ground, and natural gas production. The largest triggered, scientifically accepted earthquake of magnitude 6.3 occurred on December 10, 1967 in the vicinity of Koyna Dam near the west coast of India. It is debated whether the M 7 Gazli earthquakes of May 1976 and March 19, 1984 were induced due to the production of large quantities of gas at the Gazli Oil Field in Uzbekistan. A good account of the above and the mechanism of triggered/induced seismicity can be found in a review by McGarr et al. (2002).
Triggered vis-a-vis induced earthquakes
For a long time, the adjectives “induced” and “triggered” were used interchangeably whenever one talked of artificially simulated earthquakes....
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Adams, R. D., 1974. The effect of Lake Benmore on local earthquakes. Engineering Geology, 8, 155–169.
Allen, C. R., 1978. Evaluation of Seismic Hazard at the Auburn Damsite. California, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Report, Denver, CO, 10 pp.
Baecher, B. G., and Keeney, R. L., 1982. Statistical examination of reservoir induced seismicity. Bulletin Seismology Society America, 72, 553–569.
Berrocal, J., Assumpcao, M., Antezana, R., Dias Neto, C. M., Ortega, R., Franca, H., and Velose, J., 1984. Sismicidade do Brasil Instituto Astronomico e Geofisico. Sao Paulo: Universidade de Sao Paulo, p. 320.
Berrocal, J., Fernandes, C., Antezana, R., Shukowsky, R., Barbosa, J. R., Shayani, S., and Pereira, E. S., 1989. Induced Seismicity by the Sobradinho Reservoir. Bahia (personal communication).
Bozovic, A., 1974. Review and appraisal of case histories related to seismic effects of reservoir impounding. Engineering Geology, 8, 9–27.
Bufe, C. G., Lester, F. W., Lahr, K. M., Lahr, J. C., Seekins, L. C., and Hanks, T. C., 1976. Oroville earthquakes: normal faulting in Sierra Nevada foothills. Science, 192, 72–74.
Caloi, P., 1970. How nature reacts on human intervention—responsibilities of those who cause and who interpret such reaction. Anna Geofisica, 23, 283–305.
Carder, D. S., 1945. Seismic investigations in the Boulder Dam area, 1940–1944, and the influence of reservoir loading on earthquake activity. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 35, 175–192.
Chen, B., Li, S., and Yin, Z., 1996. On the Characteristics and Prediction of Induced Earthquakes of the Geheyan Reservoir. Abstract Vol. IASPEI Regional Assembly in Asia, August 1–3, Tangshan.
Chung, W. Y., and Liu, C., 1992. The reservoir-associated earthquakes of April 1983 in Western Thailand: source modeling and implications for induced seismicity. PAGEOPH, 138(1), 17–41.
Djadkov, P. G., 1997. Induced Seismicity at the Lake Baikal; Principal Role of Load Rate. Abstract Vol. IASPEI General Assembly, August 18–28, Thessaloniki.
Evans, M. D., 1966. Man made earthquakes in Denver. Geotimes, 10, 11–17.
Gough, D. I., and Gough, W. I., 1970. Load induced earthquakes at Kariba. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 21, 79–101.
Guang, Y. H., 1995. Seismicity induced by cascade reservoirs in Dahan, Yantan Hydroelectric Power Stations. In Proceedings International Symposium on Reservoir-Induced Seismicity. State Seismological Bureau, Beijing, pp. 157–163.
Gupta, H. K., 1983. Induced seismicity hazard mitigation through water level manipulation at Koyna, India: a suggestion. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 73, 679–682.
Gupta, H. K., 2002. A review of recent studies of triggered earthquakes by artificial water reservoirs with special emphasis on earthquakes in Koyna, India. Earth-Science Reviews, 58(3–4), 279–310.
Gupta, H. K., (2008), Artificial Water Reservoir Triggered Earthquakes, with Special Emphasis on Koyna Earthquakes, India. Memoir 66, Golden Jubilee Memoir of the Geological Society of India, pp. 395–422.
Gupta, H. K., and Rastogi, B. K., 1976. Dams and Earthquakes. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p. 229.
Hagiwara, T., and Ohtake, M., 1972. Seismic activity associated with the failing of the reservoir behind Kurobe Dam, Japan 1963–1970. Tectonophysics, 15, 241–254.
ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams), 2008. “Reservoir and Seismicity: State of Knowledge” Bulletin (International Commission on Large Dams); Rough version of Bulletin 137, 50 p.
Kangi, A., and Heidari, N., 2008. Reservoir-induced seismicity in Karun III dam (Southwestern Iran). Journal of Seismology, 12, 519–527.
Kerr, R. A., and Stone, R., 2009. A human trigger for the great quake of Sichuan? Science, 323(5912), 322, doi:10.1126/science.323.5912.322.
McGarr, A., and Simpson, D., 1997. Keynote lecture: a broad look at induced and triggered seismicity, Rockbursts and seismicity in mines. In Gibowicz, S. J., and Lasocki, S. (eds.), Proceedings of 4th International Symposium On Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines, Poland, August 11–14, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 385–396.
McGarr, A., Simpson, D., and Seeber, L., 2002. Case histories of induced and triggered seismicity. International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Amsterdam: Elsevier, Vol. 81 A, pp. 647–661.
Muco, B., 1991. The swarm of Nikaj-Merturi, Albania. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 81, 1015–1021.
Oike, K., and Ishikawa, Y., 1983. Induced earthquakes associated with large reservoirs in China. Chinese Geophysics, II(2), 383–403.
Packer, D. R., Cluff, L. S., Knuepfer, P. L., and Withers, R. J., 1979. A study of reservoir induced seismicity. Woodward-Clyde Consultants USA. U.S. Geological Survey Contract 14-08-0001-16809 (unpublished report).
Pavlenov, V. A., and Sherman, S. I., 1996. Premises of Induced Seismicity on the Reservoirs of the Angare River. Abstract Vol. IASPEI Regional Assembly in Asia, August 1–3, Tangshan.
Plotnikova, L. M., Makhmudova, V. I., and Sigalova, O. B., 1992. Seismicity associated with the Charvak reservoir. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 139, 607–608.
Rastogi, B. K., Chadha, R. K., and Raju, I. P., 1986. Seismicity near Bhatsa Reservoir, Maharashtra, India. Physics Earth Planet International, 44, 179–199.
Rastogi, B. K., Chadha, R. K., Sarma, C. S. P., Mandal, P., Satyanarayana, H. V. S., Raju, I. P., Kumar, N., Satyamurthy, C., and Nageswara Rao, A., 1997. Seismicity at Warna reservoir (near Koyna) through 1995. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87(6), 1484–1494.
Reyners, M., 1988. Reservoir induced seismicity at Lake Pukaki. Geophysical Journal, 93, 127–135.
Rothe, J. P., 1970. The seismic artificials (man-made earthquakes). Tectonophysics, 9, 215–238.
Rothe, J. P., 1973. A geophysics report. In Ackermann, W. C., White, G. F., and Worthington, E. B. (eds.), Man-Made Lakes: Their Problems and Environmental Effects. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. Geophysical Monograph, Vol. 17, pp. 441–454.
Shen, C., Chang, C., Chen, H., Li, T., Hueng, L., Wang, T., Yang, C., and Lo, H., 1974. Earthquakes induced by reservoir impounding and their effect on the Hsinfengkiang Dam. Scientia Sinica, 17(2), 239–272.
Simpson, D. W., 1976. Seismicity changes associated with reservoir loading. Engineering Geology, 10, 123–150.
Simpson, D. W., and Negmatullaev, S. K., 1981. Induced seismicity at Nurek Reservoir, Tadjikistan, USSR. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 71(5), 1561–1586.
Soboleva, O. V., and Mamadaliev, U. A., 1976. The influence of the Nurek Reservoir on local earthquake activity. Engineering Geology, 10, 293–305.
Stuart-Alexander, D. E., and Mark, R. K., 1976. Impoundment-Induced Seismicity Associated with Large Reservoirs. U.S. Geological Survey, Open file Report, pp. 76–770.
Talwani, P., 1976. Earthquakes associated with Clark Hill Reservoir, South Carolina—a case of induced seismicity. Paper Presented at the 1st International Symposium on Induced Seismicity. Engineering Geology, Vol. 10, pp. 239–253.
Toppozada, T. R., 1982. UNDP/Tokten Report on Aswan Earthquakes.
Tung, N. T., 1996. The Induced Seismicity at Hoa Binh Reservoir Region. Abstract Vol. IASPEI Regional Assembly in Asia, August 1–3, Tangshan.
Veloso, J. A. V., Assumpcao, M., Concalves, E. S., Reis, J. C., Duarte, V. M., and Motta da, C. B. G., 1987. Registro de sismicidade induzida em reservatorios da CEMIG e FURNAS. An 50 Congr. Bras. Geol. Eng. Vol. 1, pp. 135–146.
Zoback, M. D., and Hickman, S., 1982. Physical mechanisms controlling induced seismicity at Monticello Reservoir, South Carolina. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 6959–6974.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Gupta, H.K. (2013). Triggered Earthquakes. In: Bobrowsky, P.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_55
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_55
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8699-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4399-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences