This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Air Transport Association, (2002). 2002 State of the U.S. Airline Industry: A Report on Recent Trends for U.S. Carriers. Available at http://www.airlines.org/public/industry/display1.asp?nid=1026. Accessed 2010.
Amichai, Y., 1978. The Use of Radar at Sea. London: Naval Institute Press.
Andre, P., Silva, C. A., Balocco, E., Boreux, J. J., Cavallo, V., Colomb, M., Dore, J., Dufour, J., Hannay, J., Hirech, K., Kelly, N., Lacote, P., and Mealares, L., 2004. The main results of a European research project: Improvement of transport safety by control of fog production in a chamber (“FOG”). In Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Fog, Fog Collection and Dew, Capetown.
Bach, W., 1972. Atmospheric Pollution. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Bendix, J., 2002. A satellite-based climatology of fog and low-level stratus in Germany and adjacent areas. Atmospheric Research, 64, 3–18.
Clark, R. S., Wright, T. L., Evert, R. W., Loveland, R. B. and Northrup, R. E., 1973. Project Foggy Cloud V: Panama Canal Warm Fog Dispersal Program, NWC TP 5542, 92 pp.
Colomb, M., Hirech, K., Morange, P., Boreux, J. J., Lacote, P., and Dufour, J., 2004. Innovative artificial fog production device, a technical facility for research activities. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Fog, Fog Collection and Dew, Capetown.
Department of Transport, 2009. Department of transport weather programs. Available at http://www.ofcm.gov/fp-fy09/pdf/3Sec3i-DOT.pdf. Accessed 2010.
Ellrod, G. P., 1995. Advances in the detection and analysis of fog at night using GOES multispectral infrared imagery. Weather Forecasting, 10, 606–619.
Ellrod, G. P. and Lindstrom, S., 2006. Performance of satellite fog detection techniques with major, fog-related highway accidents. National Weather Association. Available at http://www.nwas.org/ej/pdf/2006-EJ3.pdf. Accessed 2010.
Fabre, R., 1971. Airport D'Orly-installation de Denebulation Turboclair. Report by the Aeroport de Paris and Societe Bertin et Cie.
Federal Highway Administration, 1999. Highway Fog Warning System. FHA, DOT Pub. No. FHWA-RD-99-110. Available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/its/ruralitsandrd/tb-hwyfog.pdf. Accessed 2010.
Fischer, K. E., Witiw, M. R., and Eisenberg, E., 2008. Attenuation in fog at a wavelength of 1.55 millimeters. Atmospheric Research, 87, 252–258.
Fischer, K. E., Witiw, M. R., Baars, J. A., and Oke, T. R., 2004. Atmospheric laser communications: new challenges for applied meteorology. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 8(5), 725–732.
George, J. J., 1951. Fog. In T.F. Malone, ed., Compendium of Meteorology. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1179–1189.
Goodwin, L., 2003. Weather-related crashes on U.S. highways in 2001. Available at http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/weather/docs/2001CrashAnalysisPaperV2.doc. Accessed 2010.
Gultepe, I., et al., 2009. The fog remote sensing and modeling field project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 90, 341–359.
Houghton, H. G., and Radford, W. H., 1938. On the local dissipation of warm fog. Papers in Physical Oceanography and Meteorology, 6(3), 63.
Jacobs, W., Nietosvaara, V., Bott, A., Bendix, J., Cermak, J., Silas, M. and Gultepe, I., 2007. Short-range forecasting methods of fog visibility and low clouds. Final Report on COS-722 Action. Available from COST Office, Avenue Louise 149, B-1050, Brussels.
Jamali, J. B., Javanmard, S., and Heydari, M., 2005. Role of low level cloud seeding, aimed at fog dispersion for the purpose of safety upgrading in mountainous roads. Journal of Transportation Research, 1(2), 49–63.
Jiusto, J. E., Pilie, R. J., and Kocmond, W. C., 1968. Fog modification with giant hygroscopic nuclei. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 7, 860–869.
MacCarley, C. A., Ackles, C., and Watts, A., 2007. Highway traffic response to dynamic fog warning and speed advisory messages. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1980, 95–104.
Moller, P., Wieprecht, W., Hofmeister, J., Kalass, D., Elbing, F. and Ulbricht, M., 2003. Fog dissipation by nucleation scavenging using particle blasting. In 8th WMO Scientific Conference on Weather Modification, Casablanca, WMO Report No. 39, pp. 389–392.
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), 1998. Reduced Visibility Due to Fog on the Highway, A Synthesis of Highway Practice. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis of Highway Practice 228.
Noble, D. L., 2004. Lighthouses and Keepers. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
Nowak, D., Ruffieux, D., and Agnew, J. L., 2008. Detection of fog and low cloud boundaries with ground-based remote sensing systems. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 25, 1357–1368.
Oh, S., Chang, K. and Lee, M., 2008. The blanket effect: clearing fog in South Korea. Available at: http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/2008/02/clearing-fog-in-south-korea.html. Accessed 2010.
Oliver, J. E., Jr., 1973. Climate and Man’s Environment: An Introduction to Applied Climatology. New York: Wiley.
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, 1998. Donora Smog. Available at http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/events_that_shaped_our_environment/13894/donora_smog_/588401. Accessed 2010.
Plank, V. G., Spatola, A. A., and Hicks, J. R., 1971. Summary results of the Lewisburg fog clearing program. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 10, 763–779.
Robinson, M., et al., 2002. Safety applications of ITS in rural areas: section 3.2.8 fog detection warning system – Tennessee, EDL No. 13609, Prepared by SAIC for the U.S. DOT. Washington, DC.
Sivak, M., Flannagan, M. J., Traube, E. C. and Kojima, S., 1997. Fog lamps: frequency of installation and nature of use. SAE International. Available at http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/970657. Accessed 2010.
Traffic Technology Today, 2010. Caltrans unveils life-saving Fog Pilot project. Available at http://www.traffictechnologytoday.com/news.php?NewsID=10958#loaded. Accessed 2010.
Vardin, L., Figgins, E. D., and Appleman, H. S., 1971. Operational dissipation of supercooled fog using liquid propane. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 10, 515–525.
Veronico, B. S., 2008. Lighthouses of the Bay Area. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing.
Westcott, N. E., 2007. Some aspects of dense fog in the Midwestern United States. Weather and Forecasting, 22, 457–465.
Whiffen, B., 2001. Fog: impact on aviation and goals for meteorological prediction (2001). In Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Fog, Fog Collection and Dew, St. John’s, Newfoundland.
Wiffin, B. P., Delannoy, P. and Siok, S., 2004. Fog: impact on road transportation and mitigation options. In National Highway Visibility Conference, Madison, WI, May 18–19, 2004.
Witiw, M. R., and LaDochy, S., 2008. Trends in fog frequencies in the Los Angeles Basin. Atmospheric Research, 87, 293–300.
Young, T., 2010. Why do foghorns always have very low pitches? Do they have high or low amplitude? Phys-Link.com. Physics and astronomy online. Available at http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae264.cfm?CFID=28338689%26CFTOKEN=4e53d03bedd5ec40-5C48084B-15C5-EE01-B901EBCBA290AFDC. Accessed 2010.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
LaDochy, S., Witiw, M.R. (2013). Fog Hazard Mitigation. In: Bobrowsky, P.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_350
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_350
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8699-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4399-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences