Definition
Tsunami. The Japanese word for “harbor wave.”
Coastal bathymetry. The study and mapping of the submarine ocean floor in near-shore areas.
Inundation. The overflowing of water onto normally dry land.
Loading combinations. The summation of individual force components occurring simultaneously.
Introduction
Tsunami, meaning “harbor wave” in Japanese, is the outcome of a vertical displacement of a large body of water. It can be triggered by various geological or astronomical phenomena, including: underwater earthquakes occurring along tectonic boundaries, volcanic eruptions, submerged or aerial landslides, and impact from asteroids or comets. In deep, open waters, tsunamis have small amplitudes (wave height), but very long wavelengths. However, as tsunami waves advance toward shorelines they transform. First, the amplitude of the tsunami wave increases due to shoaling, which occurs as the wave is “squeezed” by the up-sloping seabed. Second, the celerity and the wavelength...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Arnason, H., 2005. Interactions Between an Incident Bore and a Free-Standing Coastal Structure. Ph.D. thesis, Seattle, WA, University of Washington.
ASCE, 2006. Standard, minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. SEI/ASCE 7-05.
Bryant, E., 2001. Tsunami: The Underrated Hazard. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
Camfield, F., 1980. Tsunami engineering. Coastal Engineering Research Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Special Report SR-6.
CCH, 2000. City and County of Honolulu Building Code (CCH). Honolulu, HI: Department of Planning and Permitting of Honolulu Hawaii, Chap. 16, Article 11.
Dames and Moore, 1980. Design and construction standards for residential construction in tsunami prone areas in Hawaii. Prepared for the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Dias, P., Fernando, L., Wathurapatha, S., and De Silva, Y., 2005. Structural resistance against sliding, overturning and scouring caused by tsunamis. In Proceedings of the International Conference of Disaster Reduction on Coasts, Melbourne, Australia.
FEMA, 2003. Coastal Construction Manual (3 vols, FEMA 55), 3rd edn. Jessup, MD: Federal Emergency Management Agency.
FEMA, 2008. Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis, (FEMA P646), Jessup, MD., US: Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Ghobarah, A., Saatcioglu, M., and Nistor, I., 2006. The impact of the 26 December earthquake and tsunami on structures and infrastructure. Engineering Structures, 28, 312–326.
IBC, 2006. International Building Code (IBC). Country Club Hills, IL: International Code Council.
Iizuka, H., and Matsutomi, H., 2000. Damage due to flood flow of tsunami. Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering of JSCE, 47, 381–385 (in Japanese).
Kirkoz, M. S. 1983. Breaking and run-up of long waves, tsunamis: their science and engineering. In Proceedings of the 10th IUGG International Tsunami Symposium, Sendai-shi/Miyagi-ken, Japan. Tokyo, Japan: Terra Scientific Publishing.
Murty, T. S., 1977. Seismic sea waves: tsunamis. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada No. 198, Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service. Ottawa, Canada: Scientific Information and Publishing Branch.
NBCC, 2005. National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada.
Nistor, I., Palermo, D., Nouri, Y., Murty, T., and Saatcioglu, M., 2009. Tsunami-induced forces on structures. In Kim, Y. C. (ed.), Handbook of Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Singapore: World Scientific, pp. 261–286.
Nouri, Y., Nistor, I., Palermo, D., and Saatcioglu, M., 2007. Tsunami-induced hydrodynamic and debris flow forces on structural elements. In Proceedings of 9th Canadian Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 2267–2276.
Okada, T., Sugano, T., Ishikawa, T., Ohgi, T., Takai, S., and Hamabe, C., 2005. Structural Design Methods of Buildings for Tsunami Resistance (SMBTR). Japan: The Building Centre of Japan.
Pacheco, K. H., and Robertson, I. N., 2005. Evaluation of tsunami loads and their effect on reinforced concrete buildings. University of Hawaii Research Report, HI.
Palermo, D., and Nistor, I., 2009. Quantifying tsunami loads for design and assessment of infrastructure. In Proceedings of WCCE-ECCE-TCCE Earthquake & Tsunami, Istanbul, Turkey.
Palermo, D., Nistor, I., Nouri, Y., and Cornett, A., 2009. Tsunami loading of near-shoreline structures: a primer. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 36(11), 1804–1815.
Ramsden, J. D., 1996. Forces on a vertical wall Due to long waves, bores, and dry bed surges. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 122(3), 134–141.
Saatcioglu, M., 2009. Performance of structures during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and tsunami induced forces for structural design. In Proceedings of WCCE-ECCE-TCCE Earthquake & Tsunami, Istanbul, Turkey.
Saatcioglu, M., Ghobarah, A., and Nistor, I., 2006a. Performance of structures in Indonesia during the December 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami. Earthquake Spectra, 22(S3), S295–S319.
Saatcioglu, M., Ghobarah, A., and Nistor, I., 2006b. Performance of structures in Thailand during the December 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami. Earthquake Spectra, 22(S3), S355–S375.
UBC, 1997. Uniform Building Code (UBC). California: International Conference of Building Officials.
Yeh, H., Robertson, I., and Preuss, J., 2005. Development of design guidelines for structures that serve as tsunami vertical evacuation sites. Report No 2005-4. Olympia, WA: Washington Department of Natural Resources.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Palermo, D., Nistor, I., Saatcioglu, M. (2013). Tsunami Loads on Infrastructure. In: Bobrowsky, P.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_347
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_347
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8699-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4399-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences