Synonyms
APS – clinical manifestations
Definition
Antiphospholipid syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by various clinical manifestations (the most characteristic are thromboses and pregnancy morbidity) in the presence of elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies.
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic disorder characterized by the presence of elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and either thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity. As the latter 2 groups of clinical manifestations define the criteria for the diagnosis of APS, many other clinical manifestations are also prevalent in APS.
The major groups of clinical manifestations in APS are (Cervera et al. 2002, 2011a, b; Ramos-Casals et al. 2004; Rodrigues et al. 2010; Sherer and Shoenfeld 1998; Shoenfeld et al. 2008):
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Thromboembolic manifestations
- (a)
Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli: Thrombosis is one of the most common features of APS, and deep venous thrombosis (usually of...
- (a)
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Cervera R, Piette JC, Font J, et al. Antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:1019–27.
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Cervera R, Tektonidou MG, Espinosa G, et al. Task force on catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and non-criteria APS manifestations (I): catastrophic APS, APS nephropathy and heart valve lesions. Lupus. 2011b;20:165–73.
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Sherer, Y. (2014). Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Clinical Manifestations. In: Mackay, I.R., Rose, N.R., Diamond, B., Davidson, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84828-0_418
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84828-0_418
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